महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-153, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अनर्थानामधिष्ठानमुक्तो लोभः पितामह ।
अज्ञानमपि वै तात श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
anarthānāmadhiṣṭhānamukto lobhaḥ pitāmaha ,
ajñānamapi vai tāta śrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca anarthānām adhiṣṭhānam uktaḥ lobhaḥ
pitāmaha ajñānam api vai tāta śrotum icchāmi tattvataḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha tāta lobhaḥ anarthānām
adhiṣṭhānam uktaḥ ajñānam api vai tattvataḥ śrotum icchāmi

1. Yudhishthira said: 'O Grandfather, greed has been described as the root of all misfortunes. O dear one, I also wish to hear about ignorance in its true essence.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• अनर्थानाम् (anarthānām) - of all misfortunes (of misfortunes, of evils, of useless things)

• अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - the root/foundation (abode, foundation, seat, basis, authority)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - is said to be (said, spoken, declared)

• लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed (greed, covetousness, desire)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (grandfather, great father)

• अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance (ignorance, nescience)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, truly)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of address) (dear one, father, son, venerable person)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, to listen, to learn)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in its true essence (in truth, essentially, truly, according to reality)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (proper name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound yudhi-sthira 'firm in battle'.

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh- 'battle')
  noun (feminine)
  Locative case of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā- 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

From root vac- 'to speak'. Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active.

Root: vac (class 2)

अनर्थानाम् (anarthānām) - of all misfortunes (of misfortunes, of evils, of useless things)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, disaster, useless, meaningless

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a- + artha.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object, advantage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Governed by adhiṣṭhānam.

अधिष्ठानम् (adhiṣṭhānam) - the root/foundation (abode, foundation, seat, basis, authority)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhiṣṭhāna

adhiṣṭhāna - standing over, superintendence, seat, basis, foundation, abode

From adhi-sthā- 'to stand upon'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: It functions as the predicate nominative with lobhaḥ and uktaḥ.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - is said to be (said, spoken, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From root vac- 'to speak', irregular past passive participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Forms a passive construction 'is said'.

लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed (greed, covetousness, desire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, covetousness, avarice, strong desire

From root lubh- 'to desire'.

Root: lubh (class 4)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (grandfather, great father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great father

Refers to Bhishma (Yudhishthira's great-uncle/grandfather figure).

अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance (ignorance, nescience)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: a- + jñāna.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root jñā- 'to know'
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of śrotum.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes ajñānam.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (term of address) (dear one, father, son, venerable person)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one, venerable sir

Vocative form or used as an affectionate address.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, to listen, to learn)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum from root śru-.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Infinitives are usually indeclinable.

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire, I want)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present, 1st person, singular, active.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in its true essence (in truth, essentially, truly, according to reality)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -taḥ from tattva.