महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-153, verse-4

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अज्ञानस्य प्रवृत्तिं च स्थानं वृद्धिं क्षयोदयौ ।
मूलं योगं गतिं कालं कारणं हेतुमेव च ॥४॥

4. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ajñānasya pravṛttiṁ ca sthānaṁ vṛddhiṁ kṣayodayau ,
mūlaṁ yogaṁ gatiṁ kālaṁ kāraṇaṁ hetumeva ca.

4. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ajñānasya pravṛttim ca sthānam vṛddhim
kṣayodayau mūlam yogam gatim kālam kāraṇam hetum eva ca

4. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ajñānasya pravṛttim ca sthānam vṛddhim
kṣayodayau mūlam yogam gatim kālam kāraṇam hetum eva ca

4. Yudhishthira said: [I wish to understand] the manifestation of ignorance, and its location, its growth, its decline and rise, its root, its discipline (yoga), its ultimate state, its time, its cause, and indeed its reason.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अज्ञानस्य (ajñānasya) - of ignorance

• प्रवृत्तिम् (pravṛttim) - manifestation, activity, origin

• च (ca) - and

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - place, location

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, increase

• क्षयोदयौ (kṣayodayau) - decline and rise

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin

• योगम् (yogam) - discipline, connection, application

• गतिम् (gatim) - ultimate state, course, destiny

• कालम् (kālam) - time

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason

• हेतुम् (hetum) - reason, cause, motive

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (a name of the eldest Pandava brother, firm in battle)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Root: √yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

अज्ञानस्य (ajñānasya) - of ignorance

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, understanding, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

प्रवृत्तिम् (pravṛttim) - manifestation, activity, origin

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pravṛtti

pravṛtti - activity, manifestation, origin, course, tendency

Prefix: pra

Root: √vṛt (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स्थानम् (sthānam) - place, location

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, abode, position, state

Root: √sthā (class 1)

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth, increase

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, development

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

क्षयोदयौ (kṣayodayau) - decline and rise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kṣayodaya

kṣayodaya - decline and rise, wane and wax

Compound type : dvandva (kṣaya+udaya)

• kṣaya – decline, destruction, loss, waste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √kṣi (class 5)
• udaya – rise, ascent, origin, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: √i (class 2)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation, source

योगम् (yogam) - discipline, connection, application

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, connection, discipline, method, spiritual practice

Root: √yuj (class 7)

गतिम् (gatim) - ultimate state, course, destiny

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, course, state, condition, destiny

Root: √gam (class 1)

कालम् (kālam) - time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - cause, reason

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

हेतुम् (hetum) - reason, cause, motive

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)