महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-143, verse-5

सोऽहं त्यक्ष्ये प्रियान्प्राणान्पुत्रदारं विसृज्य च ।
उपदिष्टो हि मे धर्मः कपोतेनातिधर्मिणा ॥५॥

5. so'haṁ tyakṣye priyānprāṇānputradāraṁ visṛjya ca ,
upadiṣṭo hi me dharmaḥ kapotenātidharmiṇā.

5. saḥ aham tyakṣye priyān prāṇān putradāram visṛjya
ca upadiṣṭaḥ hi me dharmaḥ kapotena atidharmiṇā

5. saḥ aham priyān prāṇān putradāram ca visṛjya
tyakṣye hi me dharmaḥ atidharmiṇā kapotena upadiṣṭaḥ

5. Therefore, I shall abandon my dear life and, forsaking my son and wife, indeed, my intrinsic nature (dharma) has been instructed to me by an exceedingly righteous (atidharmiṇā) pigeon.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker) (he, that, such)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्यक्ष्ये (tyakṣye) - I will abandon, I will forsake, I will give up

• प्रियान् (priyān) - dear, beloved

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs, life

• पुत्रदारम् (putradāram) - son and wife

• विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned, having forsaken, after leaving

• च (ca) - and, also

• उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - taught, instructed, advised

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• मे (me) - my (genitive) (to me, my)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - my intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, intrinsic nature)

• कपोतेन (kapotena) - by a pigeon

• अतिधर्मिणा (atidharmiṇā) - by one who is exceedingly righteous, by the most virtuous

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker) (he, that, such)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

त्यक्ष्ये (tyakṣye) - I will abandon, I will forsake, I will give up

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of tyaj

root verb

Future tense, 1st person singular, Ātmanepada

Root: tyaj (class 1)

प्रियान् (priyān) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Note: Agrees with 'prāṇān'

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs, life

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life-force, vital air, life

पुत्रदारम् (putradāram) - son and wife

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of putradāra

putradāra - son and wife

Compound type : dvandva (putra+dāra)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned, having forsaken, after leaving

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form of the root sṛj with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उपदिष्टः (upadiṣṭaḥ) - taught, instructed, advised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - taught, instructed, advised, indicated

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root diś with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (genitive) (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - my intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature

कपोतेन (kapotena) - by a pigeon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kapota

kapota - pigeon, dove

अतिधर्मिणा (atidharmiṇā) - by one who is exceedingly righteous, by the most virtuous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atidharmin

atidharmin - exceedingly righteous, very virtuous

Adjective formed with 'ati' as an intensifier and 'dharmin'

Compound type : prādi (ati+dharmin)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively, very
  indeclinable
• dharmin – righteous, virtuous, just, possessing dharma
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from dharma with -in suffix

Note: Agrees with 'kapotena'