महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-127, verse-8

गौतम उवाच ।
मातापितृभ्यामानृण्यं किं कृत्वा समवाप्नुयात् ।
कथं च लोकानश्नाति पुरुषो दुर्लभाञ्शुभान् ॥८॥

8. gautama uvāca ,
mātāpitṛbhyāmānṛṇyaṁ kiṁ kṛtvā samavāpnuyāt ,
kathaṁ ca lokānaśnāti puruṣo durlabhāñśubhān.

8. gautamaḥ uvāca mātāpitṛbhyām ānṛṇyam kim kṛtvā samavāpnuyāt
katham ca lokān aśnāti puruṣaḥ durlabhān śubhān

8. gautamaḥ uvāca.
kim kṛtvā mātāpitṛbhyām ānṛṇyam samavāpnuyāt? ca katham puruṣaḥ durlabhān śubhān lokān aśnāti?

8. Gautama said: "Having done what, may one attain freedom from debt to one's parents? And how does a person (puruṣa) obtain auspicious worlds that are otherwise difficult to reach?"

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - to/from parents

• आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt, discharge of obligation

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• समवाप्नुयात् (samavāpnuyāt) - may attain, might obtain

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

• अश्नाति (aśnāti) - obtains, eats, enjoys

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, cosmic person

• दुर्लभान् (durlabhān) - difficult to obtain, hard to reach

• शुभान् (śubhān) - auspicious, beautiful, good

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (name of a sage, or a descendant of Gotama)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular, active voice, perfect tense, from root vac (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - to/from parents

(noun)

dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - parents (mother and father)

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

आनृण्यम् (ānṛṇyam) - freedom from debt, discharge of obligation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ānṛṇya

ānṛṇya - freedom from debt, discharge of obligation

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समवाप्नुयात् (samavāpnuyāt) - may attain, might obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āp

Optative

3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood, from root āp (5th class)

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: āp (class 5)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

Root: lok (class 1)

अश्नाति (aśnāti) - obtains, eats, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of aś

Present

3rd person singular, active voice, present tense, from root aś (9th class)

Root: aś (class 9)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, cosmic person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, cosmic person, spirit

दुर्लभान् (durlabhān) - difficult to obtain, hard to reach

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of durlabha

durlabha - hard to obtain, difficult to reach, rare

gerundive/kṛtya

Derived from root labh with prefix dur and suffix -a (kṛtya)

Prefix: dur

Root: labh (class 1)

शुभान् (śubhān) - auspicious, beautiful, good

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, fortunate, beautiful, good

Root: śubh (class 1)