महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-127, verse-4

षष्टिं वर्षसहस्राणि सोऽतप्यद्गौतमस्तपः ।
तमुग्रतपसं युक्तं तपसा भावितं मुनिम् ॥४॥

4. ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi so'tapyadgautamastapaḥ ,
tamugratapasaṁ yuktaṁ tapasā bhāvitaṁ munim.

4. ṣaṣṭim varṣasahasrāṇi saḥ atapyat gautamaḥ tapaḥ
tam ugratapasam yuktam tapasā bhāvitam munim

4. saḥ gautamaḥ ṣaṣṭim varṣasahasrāṇi tapaḥ atapyat.
tam ugratapasam tapasā bhāvitam yuktam munim.

4. For sixty thousand years, Gautama performed asceticism (tapas). He was that sage (muni) characterized by intense asceticism (tapas), disciplined (yoga), and purified by his spiritual practice (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• षष्टिम् (ṣaṣṭim) - sixty

• वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

• सः (saḥ) - Gautama (he)

• अतप्यत् (atapyat) - performed asceticism, practiced austerities

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance (tapas)

• तम् (tam) - that Gautama (the sage described) (him, that)

• उग्रतपसम् (ugratapasam) - one whose asceticism (tapas) is fierce/intense

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - engaged, disciplined, connected

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas)

• भावितम् (bhāvitam) - purified by his asceticism (purified, made manifest, endowed with)

• मुनिम् (munim) - sage, ascetic

Words meanings and morphology

षष्टिम् (ṣaṣṭim) - sixty

(numeral)

Note: While grammatically singular, refers to a quantity of sixty.

वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

सः (saḥ) - Gautama (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतप्यत् (atapyat) - performed asceticism, practiced austerities

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of tap

Root: tap (class 0)

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (name of a sage)

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism (tapas), austerity

तम् (tam) - that Gautama (the sage described) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उग्रतपसम् (ugratapasam) - one whose asceticism (tapas) is fierce/intense

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugratapas

ugratapas - one whose asceticism is severe; fierce ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ugra+tapas)

• ugra – fierce, severe, dreadful
  adjective
• tapas – asceticism, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - engaged, disciplined, connected

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, engaged, disciplined, appropriate (related to yoga)

Past Passive Participle

root yuj + suffix -ta

Root: yuj (class 0)

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, asceticism (tapas), austerity

भावितम् (bhāvitam) - purified by his asceticism (purified, made manifest, endowed with)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāvita

bhāvita - made manifest, purified, informed by, brought into being

Past Passive Participle

causative root bhāv of bhū + suffix -ita

Root: bhū (class 0)

मुनिम् (munim) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, saint, silent one