महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-114, verse-8

तिष्ठन्त्येते यथास्थानं नगा ह्येकनिकेतनाः ।
ततस्त्यजन्ति तत्स्थानं प्रातिलोम्यादचेतसः ॥८॥

8. tiṣṭhantyete yathāsthānaṁ nagā hyekaniketanāḥ ,
tatastyajanti tatsthānaṁ prātilomyādacetasaḥ.

8. tiṣṭhanti ete yathāsthānam nagāḥ hi ekaniketanāḥ
tataḥ tyajanti tatsthānam prātilomyāt acetasaḥ

8. ete nagāḥ hi ekaniketanāḥ yathāsthānam tiṣṭhanti
tataḥ acetasaḥ prātilomyāt tatsthānam tyajanti

8. Indeed, these firm trees (naga), which have a single dwelling, stand fixed in their place. Conversely, the senseless ones, due to adversity, abandon that very place.

Words meanings summery:

• तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they remain (fixed in their place) (they stand, they remain, they are situated)

• एते (ete) - these (firm trees) (these (masculine/plural))

• यथास्थानम् (yathāsthānam) - in their proper place (in the proper place, as it should be, in its place)

• नगाः (nagāḥ) - firm trees (as opposed to flexible ones) (mountains, firm trees, unmoving ones)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• एकनिकेतनाः (ekaniketanāḥ) - fixed in a single dwelling (place) (having a single dwelling, fixed in one place, having one home)

• ततः (tataḥ) - however, conversely (indicating a contrast or sequence) (from that, thence, then, therefore, thereupon)

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon (that position) (they abandon, they forsake, they give up)

• तत्स्थानम् (tatsthānam) - that very place/position (that place, that position)

• प्रातिलोम्यात् (prātilomyāt) - due to adversity/opposition (due to opposition, due to perversity, due to being contrary)

• अचेतसः (acetasaḥ) - the senseless/foolish ones (senseless ones, foolish ones, unintelligent ones)

Words meanings and morphology

तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they remain (fixed in their place) (they stand, they remain, they are situated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of sthā

Present active indicative

3rd person plural present active indicative of root sthā (Pāṇinian class 1)

Root: sthā (class 1)

एते (ete) - these (firm trees) (these (masculine/plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

यथास्थानम् (yathāsthānam) - in their proper place (in the proper place, as it should be, in its place)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as) and sthāna (place), used as an adverb

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+sthāna)

• yathā – as, like, in which way
  indeclinable
• sthāna – place, position, stand, site
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

नगाः (nagāḥ) - firm trees (as opposed to flexible ones) (mountains, firm trees, unmoving ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naga

naga - mountain, tree, anything that does not move

Compound of na (not) + ga (going)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+ga)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

एकनिकेतनाः (ekaniketanāḥ) - fixed in a single dwelling (place) (having a single dwelling, fixed in one place, having one home)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ekaniketana

ekaniketana - having a single dwelling/abode/home

Bahuvrīhi compound: eka (one) + niketana (dwelling)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+niketana)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (masculine)
• niketana – dwelling, house, abode, home
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from ni + ket (to fix, settle)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kit (class 10)

ततः (tataḥ) - however, conversely (indicating a contrast or sequence) (from that, thence, then, therefore, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva derivative from pronominal root tad

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon (that position) (they abandon, they forsake, they give up)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of tyaj

Present active indicative

3rd person plural present active indicative of root tyaj (Pāṇinian class 1)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

तत्स्थानम् (tatsthānam) - that very place/position (that place, that position)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tatsthāna

tatsthāna - that place, that position

Tatpuruṣa compound: tad (that) + sthāna (place)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+sthāna)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• sthāna – place, position, stand, site
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रातिलोम्यात् (prātilomyāt) - due to adversity/opposition (due to opposition, due to perversity, due to being contrary)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of prātilomya

prātilomya - opposition, contrariety, perversity, reverse order

Derived from pratiloma (against the hair/grain) + -ya suffix

अचेतसः (acetasaḥ) - the senseless/foolish ones (senseless ones, foolish ones, unintelligent ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of acetas

acetas - senseless, unconscious, foolish, unintelligent

Tatpuruṣa compound: a (not) + cetas (mind/intelligence)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cetas)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• cetas – mind, intelligence, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)