महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-114, verse-10

कालज्ञः समयज्ञश्च सदा वश्यश्च नोद्रुमः ।
अनुलोमस्तथास्तब्धस्तेन नाभ्येति वेतसः ॥१०॥

10. kālajñaḥ samayajñaśca sadā vaśyaśca nodrumaḥ ,
anulomastathāstabdhastena nābhyeti vetasaḥ.

10. kālajñaḥ samayajñaḥ ca sadā vaśyaḥ ca na udrumaḥ
anulomaḥ tathā astabdhaḥ tena na abhyeti vetasaḥ

10. udrumaḥ na kālajñaḥ ca samayajñaḥ ca sadā vaśyaḥ
tathā anulomaḥ astabdhaḥ tena vetasaḥ na abhyeti

10. A strong tree (udruma) is not discerning of time or circumstances, nor is it always compliant, adaptable, or flexible. For this reason, the reed (vetasa) does not encounter the same fate (as the strong tree).

Words meanings summery:

• कालज्ञः (kālajñaḥ) - discerning of time (knower of time, timely)

• समयज्ञः (samayajñaḥ) - discerning of circumstances (knower of occasion, discerning of proper circumstances)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

• वश्यः (vaśyaḥ) - compliant (obedient, compliant, controllable, tame)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उद्रुमः (udrumaḥ) - a strong, rigid tree (in contrast to a reed) (a strong tree, an elevated tree)

• अनुलोमः (anulomaḥ) - adaptable (compliant, agreeable, going with the current)

• तथा (tathā) - or, and (connecting adjectives) (thus, so, and)

• अस्तब्धः (astabdhaḥ) - flexible (not stiff, not rigid, flexible, humble)

• तेन (tena) - for this reason (by that, therefore, for that reason)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - encounters (the same fate), suffers (approaches, reaches, obtains, undergoes)

• वेतसः (vetasaḥ) - the reed (a reed, a cane, a willow)

Words meanings and morphology

कालज्ञः (kālajñaḥ) - discerning of time (knower of time, timely)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālajña

kālajña - knower of time, knowing the proper time or season

Compound: kāla (time) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+jña)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: This quality is negated for 'udrumaḥ' by 'na'.

समयज्ञः (samayajñaḥ) - discerning of circumstances (knower of occasion, discerning of proper circumstances)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samayajña

samayajña - knowing the proper time or occasion, skilled in opportunities

Compound: samaya (occasion/circumstance) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samaya+jña)

• samaya – time, occasion, agreement, proper season, circumstances
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: This quality is negated for 'udrumaḥ' by 'na'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever, constantly)

(indeclinable)

वश्यः (vaśyaḥ) - compliant (obedient, compliant, controllable, tame)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśya

vaśya - obedient, submissive, compliant, amenable, controllable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Gerundive of root vaś (to wish, to control)

Root: vaś (class 10)

Note: This quality is negated for 'udrumaḥ' by 'na'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

उद्रुमः (udrumaḥ) - a strong, rigid tree (in contrast to a reed) (a strong tree, an elevated tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udruma

udruma - a high/strong tree, an elevated tree

Compound: ud (up/high/strong) + druma (tree)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ud+druma)

• ud – up, upwards, out, excellent, superior
  indeclinable
• druma – tree, plant
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dru (class 1)

Note: The negation 'na' applies to the preceding adjectives in relation to 'udrumaḥ'.

अनुलोमः (anulomaḥ) - adaptable (compliant, agreeable, going with the current)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuloma

anuloma - agreeable, compliant, according to the hair/grain, natural, regular

Compound: anu (after/along) + loma (hair)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+loma)

• anu – after, along, with, according to
  indeclinable
• loma – hair, wool
  noun (neuter)

Note: This quality is negated for 'udrumaḥ' by 'na'.

तथा (tathā) - or, and (connecting adjectives) (thus, so, and)

(indeclinable)

अस्तब्धः (astabdhaḥ) - flexible (not stiff, not rigid, flexible, humble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of astabdha

astabdha - not stiff, not rigid, flexible, humble, not proud

Compound: a (not) + stabdha (stiff/rigid)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+stabdha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• stabdha – stiff, rigid, firm, proud, arrogant
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root stambh (to make firm/stiff)
  Root: stambh (class 5)

Note: This quality is negated for 'udrumaḥ' by 'na'.

तेन (tena) - for this reason (by that, therefore, for that reason)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the qualities (or lack thereof) of the udruma. Implies 'because of that state'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'abhyeti'.

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - encounters (the same fate), suffers (approaches, reaches, obtains, undergoes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of abhi-i

Present active indicative

3rd person singular present active indicative of root i with upasarga abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

वेतसः (vetasaḥ) - the reed (a reed, a cane, a willow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vetasa

vetasa - reed, cane, willow (plant known for flexibility)

Note: Subject of 'na abhyeti'.