महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-114, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
राजा राज्यमनुप्राप्य दुर्बलो भरतर्षभ ।
अमित्रस्यातिवृद्धस्य कथं तिष्ठेदसाधनः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
rājā rājyamanuprāpya durbalo bharatarṣabha ,
amitrasyātivṛddhasya kathaṁ tiṣṭhedasādhanaḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca rājā rājyam anuprapya durbalaḥ
bharatarṣabha amitrasya ativṛddhasya katham tiṣṭhet asādhanaḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha durbalaḥ rājā rājyam
anuprapya amitrasya ativṛddhasya asādhanaḥ katham tiṣṭhet

1. Yudhishthira said: O best of Bharatas, how can a king who is weak, having obtained a kingdom, and whose enemy is exceedingly powerful, survive without resources?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• अनुप्रप्य (anuprapya) - having obtained, having reached

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to Bhishma or Yudhishthira, implying a prominent descendant of Bharata. (O best of Bharatas)

• अमित्रस्य (amitrasya) - of the enemy

• अतिवृद्धस्य (ativṛddhasya) - of the exceedingly powerful, of the very old/grown

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - he should stand, he should remain, he should survive

• असाधनः (asādhanaḥ) - without resources, resourceless

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense 3rd Person Singular Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty

Derived from rājan (king) with suffix -ya

अनुप्रप्य (anuprapya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Root āp with upasargas anu and pra

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - An address to Bhishma or Yudhishthira, implying a prominent descendant of Bharata. (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull (often used to denote 'best' or 'chief' among a class)
  noun (masculine)

अमित्रस्य (amitrasya) - of the enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of amitra

amitra - enemy, not a friend

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

अतिवृद्धस्य (ativṛddhasya) - of the exceedingly powerful, of the very old/grown

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ativṛddha

ativṛddha - exceedingly grown, very old, very strong, very powerful

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with upasarga ati

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठेत् (tiṣṭhet) - he should stand, he should remain, he should survive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sthā

Optative 3rd Person Singular Active Voice

Root: sthā (class 1)

असाधनः (asādhanaḥ) - without resources, resourceless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asādhana

asādhana - without means, resourceless, helpless

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+sādhana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• sādhana – means, instrument, resource, accomplishing
  noun (neuter)
  From root sādh (to accomplish)
  Root: sādh (class 5)