महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-114, verse-12

यो हि शत्रोर्विवृद्धस्य प्रभोर्वधविनाशने ।
पूर्वं न सहते वेगं क्षिप्रमेव स नश्यति ॥१२॥

12. yo hi śatrorvivṛddhasya prabhorvadhavināśane ,
pūrvaṁ na sahate vegaṁ kṣiprameva sa naśyati.

12. yáḥ hi śatroḥ vivṛddhasya prabhoḥ vadhavināśane
pūrvam ná sahate vegam kṣipram eva sa náśyati

12. yáḥ hi vivṛddhasya prabhoḥ śatroḥ vadhavināśane pūrvam vegam ná sahate,
sa kṣipram eva náśyati

12. Indeed, whoever does not withstand the initial onslaught of a powerful, growing enemy intent on killing and destroying, he quickly perishes.

Words meanings summery:

• य्áः (yáḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of an enemy (of an enemy, from an enemy)

• विवृद्धस्य (vivṛddhasya) - of a greatly grown/powerful (enemy) (of one grown, of one increased, of one strengthened)

• प्रभोः (prabhoḥ) - of a powerful one (referring to the enemy) (of a lord, of a master, of a powerful one)

• वधविनाशने (vadhavināśane) - in the context of killing and destroying (in killing and destroying, for killing and destroying)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the initial (onset/force) (first, before, formerly, initially)

• न्á (ná) - not (not, no)

• सहते (sahate) - withstands, tolerates (endures, tolerates, withstands)

• वेगम् (vegam) - the initial force/onset (speed, force, impetus, onset)

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, just, only, truly)

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• न्áश्यति (náśyati) - perishes (perishes, is destroyed, is lost)

Words meanings and morphology

य्áः (yáḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yá

yá - who, which, what, whoever

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of an enemy (of an enemy, from an enemy)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, rival, foe

विवृद्धस्य (vivṛddhasya) - of a greatly grown/powerful (enemy) (of one grown, of one increased, of one strengthened)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vivṛddha

vivṛddha - grown, increased, greatly developed, strengthened, powerful

Past Passive Participle

from vi- + vṛdh (to grow)

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śatroḥ

प्रभोः (prabhoḥ) - of a powerful one (referring to the enemy) (of a lord, of a master, of a powerful one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful, mighty

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śatroḥ

वधविनाशने (vadhavināśane) - in the context of killing and destroying (in killing and destroying, for killing and destroying)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vadhavināśana

vadhavināśana - killing and destroying

Compound type : dvandva (vadha+vināśana)

• vadha – killing, slaughter, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  from han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• vināśana – destruction, ruin, causing to perish
  noun (neuter)
  from vi- + naś (to perish)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Can be interpreted as locative of purpose, 'for the sake of killing and destruction'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - the initial (onset/force) (first, before, formerly, initially)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, initial, earlier

Note: Adverbial usage, or modifying an implied 'vega' (force)

न्á (ná) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

सहते (sahate) - withstands, tolerates (endures, tolerates, withstands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

Present tense, Atmanepada

Root sah (class 1)

Root: sah (class 1)

वेगम् (vegam) - the initial force/onset (speed, force, impetus, onset)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetus, rush, onset, impulse

from vij (to move rapidly)

Root: vij (class 6)

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

एव (eva) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, just, only, truly)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to 'yaḥ'

न्áश्यति (náśyati) - perishes (perishes, is destroyed, is lost)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Present tense, Parasmaipada

Root naś (class 4)

Root: naś (class 4)