महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-153, verse-5

ततस्ते पाण्डवाः सर्वे सह कुन्त्या नरर्षभाः ।
उपासां चक्रिरे विप्रं कथयानं कथास्तदा ॥५॥

5. tataste pāṇḍavāḥ sarve saha kuntyā nararṣabhāḥ ,
upāsāṁ cakrire vipraṁ kathayānaṁ kathāstadā.

5. tataḥ te pāṇḍavāḥ sarve saha kuntyā nararṣabhāḥ
upāsām cakrire vipram kathayānam kathāḥ tadā

5. Then, all those Pāṇḍavas, the best among men, along with Kuntī, attended upon that Brāhmaṇa who was narrating stories at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• ते (te) - those Pāṇḍavas (those)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• कुन्त्या (kuntyā) - with Kuntī

• नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, who were the best of men (best among men, excellent men)

• उपासाम् (upāsām) - served, attended

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they did, they made

• विप्रम् (vipram) - the host Brāhmaṇa (the Brāhmaṇa)

• कथयानम् (kathayānam) - who was narrating stories (narrating, telling)

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, tales

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those Pāṇḍavas (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

कुन्त्या (kuntyā) - with Kuntī

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)

नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, who were the best of men (best among men, excellent men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull/best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

उपासाम् (upāsām) - served, attended

(verb)

active, perfect (lit) of upās

periphrastic perfect auxiliary

The form 'upāsām' is part of a periphrastic perfect conjugation with 'cakrire'. It is derived from √ās with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used as part of a periphrastic perfect construction.

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

perfect tense

3rd person plural perfect middle of √kṛ (class 8). Used here as an auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as an auxiliary verb in a periphrastic perfect construction with 'upāsām'.

विप्रम् (vipram) - the host Brāhmaṇa (the Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - a Brāhmaṇa, inspired, wise

कथयानम् (kathayānam) - who was narrating stories (narrating, telling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kathayat

kathayat - narrating, telling, speaking

present active participle

Present active participle of the causative stem of √kath

Root: kath (class 10)

कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, tales

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, conversation

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)