योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-20, verse-1

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
आर्यसंगमयुक्त्यादौ प्रज्ञां वृद्धिं नयेद्बलात् ।
ततो महापुरुषतां महापुरुषलक्षणैः ॥ १ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
āryasaṃgamayuktyādau prajñāṃ vṛddhiṃ nayedbalāt ,
tato mahāpuruṣatāṃ mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ 1

1. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca āryasaṅgamayuktyā ādau prajñām vṛddhim
nayet balāt tataḥ mahāpuruṣatām mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ

1. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca.
ādau āryasaṅgamayuktyā prajñām balāt vṛddhim nayet.
tataḥ mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ mahāpuruṣatām [nayet].

1. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: First, one should vigorously increase one's wisdom (prajñā) by means of association with noble persons (āryasaṅgamayuktyā). Then, one should attain the state of a great cosmic person (mahāpuruṣatām) through cultivating the characteristics of a great cosmic person (mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - the revered sage Vasiṣṭha (Śrī Vasiṣṭha (a revered sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आर्यसङ्गमयुक्त्या (āryasaṅgamayuktyā) - through the method of associating with virtuous individuals (by means of association with noble persons)

• आदौ (ādau) - as a primary step, initially (in the beginning, at first)

• प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - discriminative spiritual wisdom (prajñā) (wisdom, intellect, understanding)

• वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth or development (of wisdom) (growth, increase, prosperity)

• नयेत् (nayet) - one should bring about the growth of (one should lead, one should cause to grow)

• बलात् (balāt) - with great effort, strenuously (by force, vigorously, strongly)

• ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, following that (then, thereafter, from that)

• महापुरुषताम् (mahāpuruṣatām) - the state of being a great cosmic person (puruṣa) (the state of a great person (puruṣa), greatness)

• महापुरुषलक्षणैः (mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ) - by the attributes that define a great cosmic person (puruṣa) (by the characteristics of a great person (puruṣa))

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - the revered sage Vasiṣṭha (Śrī Vasiṣṭha (a revered sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - Venerable Vasiṣṭha, a celebrated Vedic sage

Compound of 'śrī' (venerable, glorious) and 'vasiṣṭha' (name of a sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – glory, wealth, prosperity, beauty, revered
  noun (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (name of a prominent Vedic sage)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice

Perfect active, 3rd person singular of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

आर्यसङ्गमयुक्त्या (āryasaṅgamayuktyā) - through the method of associating with virtuous individuals (by means of association with noble persons)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of āryasaṅgamayukti

āryasaṅgamayukti - means of association with noble ones, method of associating with virtuous people

Compound of 'ārya' (noble), 'saṅgama' (association), and 'yukti' (method, means).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ārya+saṅgama+yukti)

• ārya – noble, honorable, respectable, Aryan
  adjective (masculine)
• saṅgama – association, meeting, union, confluence
  noun (masculine)
  From `sam-` + `√gam` (to go).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gam (class 1)
• yukti – union, connection, method, means, fitness
  noun (feminine)
  From root √yuj (to join, connect).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Instrument for increasing wisdom.

आदौ (ādau) - as a primary step, initially (in the beginning, at first)

(indeclinable)

Locative case used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial, indicating chronological priority.

प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - discriminative spiritual wisdom (prajñā) (wisdom, intellect, understanding)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intellect, understanding, knowledge

From `pra-` + `√jñā` (to know).

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'nayet'.

वृद्धिम् (vṛddhim) - growth or development (of wisdom) (growth, increase, prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity, development

From root √vṛdh (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nayet', forming an idiom meaning "to cause to grow/increase".

नयेत् (nayet) - one should bring about the growth of (one should lead, one should cause to grow)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of nī

Optative, Active Voice

Optative active, 3rd person singular of √nī.

Root: nī (class 1)

बलात् (balāt) - with great effort, strenuously (by force, vigorously, strongly)

(indeclinable)

Ablative case used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial usage meaning 'forcefully' or 'vigorously'.

ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, following that (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from 'tad' with suffix '-tas'.

Note: Indicates sequence in action.

महापुरुषताम् (mahāpuruṣatām) - the state of being a great cosmic person (puruṣa) (the state of a great person (puruṣa), greatness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahāpuruṣatā

mahāpuruṣatā - the state of being a great person, greatness, sublimity

Compound of 'mahāpuruṣa' (great person) and suffix '-tā' (state of being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+puruṣa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'mahat'.
• puruṣa – person, human being, spirit, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of an implied verb like 'nayet' or 'prāpnuyāt' (should attain).

महापुरुषलक्षणैः (mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇaiḥ) - by the attributes that define a great cosmic person (puruṣa) (by the characteristics of a great person (puruṣa))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa

mahāpuruṣalakṣaṇa - characteristic of a great person, mark of a great soul

Compound of 'mahāpuruṣa' (great person) and 'lakṣaṇa' (characteristic).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahāpuruṣa+lakṣaṇa)

• mahāpuruṣa – great person, eminent man, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  compound (masculine)
  Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'puruṣa' (person).
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute
  noun (neuter)
  From root √lakṣ (to mark, perceive).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Used as the instrument for achieving the state of mahāpuruṣatām.