वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-101, verse-34

अयं व्याघ्रसमीपे तु पुराणो धर्मसंहितः ।
ऋक्षेण गीतः श्लोको मे तं निबोध प्लवंगम ॥३४॥

34. ayaṃ vyāghrasamīpe tu purāṇo dharmasaṃhitaḥ ,
ṛkṣeṇa gītaḥ śloko me taṃ nibodha plavaṃgama.

34. ayam vyāghrasamīpe tu purāṇaḥ dharmasaṃhitaḥ
ṛkṣeṇa gītaḥ ślokaḥ me tam nibodha plavaṅgama

34. plavaṅgama tu ayam purāṇaḥ dharmasaṃhitaḥ ślokaḥ
vyāghrasamīpe ṛkṣeṇa me gītaḥ tam nibodha

34. Indeed, O monkey, this ancient verse, aligned with natural law (dharma), was sung to me by a bear when I was near a tiger. Please understand that.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this (verse) (this, this one)

• व्याघ्रसमीपे (vyāghrasamīpe) - near a tiger (near a tiger, in the vicinity of a tiger)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• पुराणः (purāṇaḥ) - ancient (ancient, old, traditional)

• धर्मसंहितः (dharmasaṁhitaḥ) - aligned with natural law (dharma) (connected with dharma, containing dharma, righteous)

• ऋक्षेण (ṛkṣeṇa) - by a bear

• गीतः (gītaḥ) - was sung (sung, chanted)

• श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse (verse, stanza, fame, sound)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• तम् (tam) - that (verse) (that, him, it)

• निबोध (nibodha) - please understand (understand, perceive, know)

• प्लवङ्गम (plavaṅgama) - O monkey (Hanuman) (O monkey, O one who moves by leaping)

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this (verse) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'is'.

व्याघ्रसमीपे (vyāghrasamīpe) - near a tiger (near a tiger, in the vicinity of a tiger)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vyāghrasamīpa

vyāghrasamīpa - proximity to a tiger

Compound type : tatpurusha (vyāghra+samīpa)

• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
• samīpa – near, proximity, vicinity
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: sam

Note: Indicates location or circumstance.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing emphasis or mild contrast.

पुराणः (purāṇaḥ) - ancient (ancient, old, traditional)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purāṇa

purāṇa - ancient, old, former; an ancient legend, a Purāṇa

Note: Qualifies ślokaḥ.

धर्मसंहितः (dharmasaṁhitaḥ) - aligned with natural law (dharma) (connected with dharma, containing dharma, righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmasaṃhita

dharmasaṁhita - connected with dharma, containing rules of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+saṃhita)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• saṃhita – joined, connected, endowed with, composed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place, put) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies ślokaḥ.

ऋक्षेण (ṛkṣeṇa) - by a bear

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ṛkṣa

ṛkṣa - bear, star

Note: Agent of the passive participle gītaḥ.

गीतः (gītaḥ) - was sung (sung, chanted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gīta

gīta - sung, chanted, recited; a song

Past Passive Participle

From root gai/gā (to sing)

Root: gai (class 1)

Note: Predicate of the first sentence.

श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse (verse, stanza, fame, sound)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śloka

śloka - verse, stanza, fame, celebrity, sound

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Subject.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Dative of interest/possession, 'to me' or 'for me'.

तम् (tam) - that (verse) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of nibodha.

निबोध (nibodha) - please understand (understand, perceive, know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Active

Root budh (to know) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Command to Hanuman.

प्लवङ्गम (plavaṅgama) - O monkey (Hanuman) (O monkey, O one who moves by leaping)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (literally 'one who goes by leaping')

Compound of plava (leap) + gama (going)

Compound type : bahuvrihi or tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – leap, jump, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun
  From root plu (to float, to leap)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, pertaining to movement
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Hanuman.

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