वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-42, verse-1

अनुगम्य निवृत्तानां रामं नगरवासिनाम् ।
उद्गतानीव सत्त्वानि बभूवुरमनस्विनाम् ॥१॥

1. anugamya nivṛttānāṃ rāmaṃ nagaravāsinām ,
udgatānīva sattvāni babhūvuramanasvinām.

1. anugamya nivṛttānām rāmam nagaravāsinām
udgatāni iva sattvāni babhūvuḥ amanasvinām

1. amanasvinām nagaravāsinām nivṛttānām anugamya
rāmam sattvāni babhūvuḥ udgatāni iva

1. For those faint-hearted city dwellers who had returned after following Rama, it was as if their very life-breaths had departed.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुगम्य (anugamya) - having followed, having gone after

• निवृत्तानाम् (nivṛttānām) - of those who had returned

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

• नगरवासिनाम् (nagaravāsinām) - of the city dwellers

• उद्गतानि (udgatāni) - departed, gone out, risen

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• सत्त्वानि (sattvāni) - vital spirits, life-breaths, beings, courage

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were, they became

• अमनस्विनाम् (amanasvinām) - of the faint-hearted, of the spiritless

Words meanings and morphology

अनुगम्य (anugamya) - having followed, having gone after

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam (to go) with upasarga anu- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

निवृत्तानाम् (nivṛttānām) - of those who had returned

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn) with upasarga ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies `nagaravāsinām`.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a legendary king of Ayodhya)

Note: Object of `anugamya`.

नगरवासिनाम् (nagaravāsinām) - of the city dwellers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nagaravāsin

nagaravāsin - city dweller, inhabitant of a city

Compound of nagara (city) and vāsin (dweller).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nagara+vāsin)

• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, residing, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root vas (to dwell) + -in.
  Root: vas (class 1)

उद्गतानि (udgatāni) - departed, gone out, risen

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of udgata

udgata - gone out, departed, risen, ascended

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with upasarga ud-.

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `sattvāni`.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

सत्त्वानि (sattvāni) - vital spirits, life-breaths, beings, courage

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sattva

sattva - being, existence, reality, essence, spirit, vital breath, courage, goodness

From root as (to be) + tva (abstract suffix).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of `babhūvuḥ`.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

अमनस्विनाम् (amanasvinām) - of the faint-hearted, of the spiritless

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amanasvin

amanasvin - faint-hearted, spiritless, weak-minded

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of manasvin.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+manasvin)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• manasvin – high-minded, intelligent, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  From manas (mind) + -vin (possessive suffix).

Note: Possessive relationship with `sattvāni`.

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