वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-20, verse-2

पूर्वमर्थं प्रतिश्रुत्य प्रतिज्ञां हातुमिच्छसि ।
रागवाणामयुक्तो ऽयं कुलस्यास्य विपर्ययः ॥२॥

2. pūrvamarthaṃ pratiśrutya pratijñāṃ hātumicchasi ,
rāgavāṇāmayukto'yaṃ kulasyāsya viparyayaḥ.

2. pūrvam artham pratiśrutya pratijñām hātum icchasi
rāgavāṇām ayuktaḥ ayam kulasya asya viparyayaḥ

2. pūrvam artham pratiśrutya pratijñām hātum icchasi
rāgavāṇām asya kulasya ayam viparyayaḥ ayuktaḥ

2. Having previously promised (pratiśrutya) my request, you now wish to abandon your promise (pratijñā). This reversal (viparyaya) is improper for this (Raghu) family (kula).

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, previously, formerly)

• अर्थम् (artham) - request (purpose, object, request, meaning, wealth)

• प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having promised (pratiśrutya) (having promised, having assented)

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise (pratijñā) (promise, vow, agreement)

• हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon (to abandon, to give up, to forsake)

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire (you desire, you wish)

• रागवाणाम् (rāgavāṇām) - of the Raghus (of the Raghus, of the descendants of Raghu)

• अयुक्तः (ayuktaḥ) - improper, unfitting (improper, unsuitable, not joined, separated)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• कुलस्य (kulasya) - of this family (kula) (of the family, of the lineage)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (family) (of this, of him)

• विपर्ययः (viparyayaḥ) - reversal, transgression (reversal, inversion, contradiction, transgression)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, previously, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

अर्थम् (artham) - request (purpose, object, request, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, request

Note: Object of pratiśrutya.

प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having promised (pratiśrutya) (having promised, having assented)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root śru (to hear) with prefix prati

Compound type : praadi (prati+śru)

• prati – towards, against, in return
  indeclinable
• śru – to hear, listen
  verb
  root dhātu
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Compound gerund.

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise (pratijñā) (promise, vow, agreement)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, agreement, assertion

from root jñā (to know) with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of hātum.

हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon (to abandon, to give up, to forsake)

(verb)

infinitive of hā

infinitive

from root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Expresses purpose or object of desire.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire (you desire, you wish)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

present tense, active voice

from root iṣ (to wish)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: The implied subject is 'you' (Dasaratha).

रागवाणाम् (rāgavāṇām) - of the Raghus (of the Raghus, of the descendants of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, name of Rama

patronymic from Raghu

Note: Refers to the lineage of King Dasaratha.

अयुक्तः (ayuktaḥ) - improper, unfitting (improper, unsuitable, not joined, separated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ayukta

ayukta - unjoined, unsuited, improper, wrong

Past Passive Participle

from root yuj (to join) with negation a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yukta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, suitable, proper, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective for viparyayaḥ.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to viparyayaḥ.

कुलस्य (kulasya) - of this family (kula) (of the family, of the lineage)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, community

Note: Possessive for viparyayaḥ.

अस्य (asya) - of this (family) (of this, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with kulasya.

विपर्ययः (viparyayaḥ) - reversal, transgression (reversal, inversion, contradiction, transgression)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viparyaya

viparyaya - inversion, reversal, contrary, transgression

from root i (to go) with prefixes vi- and pari-

Compound type : praadi (vi+pari+aya)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  indeclinable
• pari – around, completely
  indeclinable
• aya – going, coming, movement
  noun (masculine)
  from root i (to go)
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied asti).