वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-20, verse-1

तच्छ्रुत्वा वचनं तस्य स्नेहपर्याकुलाक्षरम् ।
समन्युः कौशिको वाक्यं प्रत्युवच महीपतिम् ॥१॥

1. tacchrutvā vacanaṃ tasya snehaparyākulākṣaram ,
samanyuḥ kauśiko vākyaṃ pratyuvaca mahīpatim.

1. tat śrutvā vacanam tasya snehaparyākulākṣaram
samanyuḥ kauśikaḥ vākyam pratyuvaca mahīpatim

1. tasya snehaparyākulākṣaram tat vacanam śrutvā
samanyuḥ kauśikaḥ mahīpatim vākyam pratyuvaca

1. Having heard that speech (vacanam) of his, whose words were agitated by (parental) affection (sneha), Kaushika (Vishwamitra), filled with anger, replied to the king (mahipati).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech (vacanam) (speech, word)

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (Dasaratha's) (his, of him)

• स्नेहपर्याकुलाक्षरम् (snehaparyākulākṣaram) - whose words were agitated by (parental) affection (sneha) (whose syllables are agitated by affection)

• समन्युः (samanyuḥ) - filled with anger (with anger, enraged)

• कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kaushika (Vishwamitra) (Kaushika (name of Vishwamitra))

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech (speech, sentence)

• प्रत्युवच (pratyuvaca) - replied (replied, spoke in return)

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - to the king (mahipati) (king, lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying the main verb.

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech (vacanam) (speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, utterance, saying

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

तस्य (tasya) - of his (Dasaratha's) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Refers to King Dasaratha.

स्नेहपर्याकुलाक्षरम् (snehaparyākulākṣaram) - whose words were agitated by (parental) affection (sneha) (whose syllables are agitated by affection)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of snehaparyākulākṣara

snehaparyākulākṣara - whose syllables are agitated by affection

bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sneha+paryākula+akṣara)

• sneha – affection, love, tenderness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: snih (class 4)
• paryākula – agitated, perturbed, confused
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣara – letter, syllable, imperishable
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies vacanam.

समन्युः (samanyuḥ) - filled with anger (with anger, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samanyu

samanyu - full of wrath, angry, with anger

bahuvrīhi compound with prefix sa- (with)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+manyu)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• manyu – anger, wrath, passion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies kauśikaḥ.

कौशिकः (kauśikaḥ) - Kaushika (Vishwamitra) (Kaushika (name of Vishwamitra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika, Vishwamitra

Note: Subject of pratyuvaca.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech (speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, statement, word

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of pratyuvaca.

प्रत्युवच (pratyuvaca) - replied (replied, spoke in return)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

perfect tense, active voice

from root vac (to speak) with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Compound type : praadi (prati+vac)

• prati – towards, against, in return
  indeclinable
• vac – to speak, to say
  verb
  root dhātu
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: prati-uvāca -> pratyuvāca (sandhi for u becoming v).

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - to the king (mahipati) (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of pratyuvaca.