वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-20, verse-10

एष विग्रहवान्धर्म एष वीर्यवतां वरः ।
एष बुद्ध्याधिको लोके तपसश्च परायणम् ॥१०॥

10. eṣa vigrahavāndharma eṣa vīryavatāṃ varaḥ ,
eṣa buddhyādhiko loke tapasaśca parāyaṇam.

10. eṣaḥ vigrahavān dharmaḥ eṣaḥ vīryavatāṃ varaḥ
eṣaḥ buddhyādhikaḥ loke tapasas ca parāyaṇam

10. eṣaḥ vigrahavān dharmaḥ eṣaḥ vīryavatāṃ varaḥ
eṣaḥ loke buddhyādhikaḥ ca tapasas parāyaṇam

10. This (Rāma) is the personification of natural law (dharma); he is the best among the valiant. In the world, he is superior in intellect, and he is the ultimate refuge of spiritual austerity (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

• विग्रहवान् (vigrahavān) - embodied, personified, having a form

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

• वीर्यवतां (vīryavatāṁ) - among the valiant, of the powerful ones

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best, the foremost, the most excellent

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

• बुद्ध्याधिकः (buddhyādhikaḥ) - superior in intellect, pre-eminent in wisdom

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• तपसस् (tapasas) - of asceticism, of spiritual austerity

• च (ca) - and, also

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - the supreme refuge, ultimate goal, highest resort

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to Rama.

विग्रहवान् (vigrahavān) - embodied, personified, having a form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigrahavant

vigrahavant - having a body, embodied, personified

Derived from 'vigraha' (form, body) with possessive suffix '-vant'.

Note: Agrees with 'eṣaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: A predicate noun for 'eṣaḥ'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to Rama.

वीर्यवतां (vīryavatāṁ) - among the valiant, of the powerful ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vīryavant

vīryavant - valiant, powerful, heroic

Derived from 'vīrya' (valor) with possessive suffix '-vant'.

Note: Indicates a group from which 'varaḥ' is selected.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best, the foremost, the most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, foremost, choice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: A predicate adjective for 'eṣaḥ'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to Rama.

बुद्ध्याधिकः (buddhyādhikaḥ) - superior in intellect, pre-eminent in wisdom

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhyādhika

buddhyādhika - superior in intelligence, excelling in wisdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (buddhyā+adhika)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• adhika – excessive, superior, greater
  adjective (masculine)

Note: A predicate adjective for 'eṣaḥ'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Note: Indicates the sphere of comparison.

तपसस् (tapasas) - of asceticism, of spiritual austerity

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, spiritual austerity, heat, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Possessive case for 'parāyaṇam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - the supreme refuge, ultimate goal, highest resort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - supreme refuge, ultimate goal, highest resort, chief object

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ayaṇa)

• para – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective
• ayaṇa – going, path, resort
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root i (to go).
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: A predicate noun for 'eṣaḥ', agreeing in case and number but not gender, as 'parāyaṇam' is neuter.