वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-16, verse-12

गोलाङ्गूलीषु चोत्पन्नाः के चित् संमतविक्रमाः ।
ऋक्षीषु च तथा जाता वानराः किंनरीषु च ॥१२॥

12. golāṅgūlīṣu cotpannāḥ ke cit saṃmatavikramāḥ ,
ṛkṣīṣu ca tathā jātā vānarāḥ kiṃnarīṣu ca.

12. golāṅgūlīṣu ca utpannāḥ ke cit saṃmata-vikramāḥ
ṛkṣīṣu ca tathā jātāḥ vānarāḥ kiṃnarīṣu ca

12. ke cit saṃmata-vikramāḥ golāṅgūlīṣu utpannāḥ;
tathā vānarāḥ ṛkṣīṣu ca kiṃnarīṣu ca jātāḥ

12. Some [of these sons], renowned for their valor (parākrama), were born among the female Golāṅgūlas. And likewise, monkeys were born from female bears and from female Kinnaras.

Words meanings summery:

• गोलाङ्गूलीषु (golāṅgūlīṣu) - among female Golāṅgūlas, in female langurs

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्पन्नाः (utpannāḥ) - were born (born, produced, originated)

• के (ke) - some, who

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, 'some'

• संमत-विक्रमाः (saṁmata-vikramāḥ) - renowned for their valor (parākrama) (of approved valor, highly valorous, of respected prowess)

• ऋक्षीषु (ṛkṣīṣu) - among female bears, in female bears

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born (born, produced)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys, apes

• किंनरीषु (kiṁnarīṣu) - among female Kinnaras

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

गोलाङ्गूलीषु (golāṅgūlīṣu) - among female Golāṅgūlas, in female langurs

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of golāṅgūlī

golāṅgūlī - female Golāṅgūla (a type of monkey/langur)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gola+aṅgūla)

• gola – cow, round, globular
  noun (masculine)
• aṅgūla – tail
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उत्पन्नाः (utpannāḥ) - were born (born, produced, originated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of utpanna

utpanna - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'ud' (up, forth) + 'pad' (to go, fall) with suffix 'ta'.

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Functions as the predicate, meaning 'were born'.

के (ke) - some, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which, some

Note: Used with 'cit' to mean 'some'.

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, 'some'

(indeclinable)

संमत-विक्रमाः (saṁmata-vikramāḥ) - renowned for their valor (parākrama) (of approved valor, highly valorous, of respected prowess)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃmata-vikrama

saṁmata-vikrama - of approved valor, esteemed for prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃmata+vikrama)

• saṃmata – approved, esteemed, respected, agreed upon
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'sam' + 'man' (to think, consider).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: man (class 4)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, heroism, mighty stride
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing 'ke cit'.

ऋक्षीषु (ṛkṣīṣu) - among female bears, in female bears

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ṛkṣī

ṛkṣī - female bear

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - and likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)

जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born (born, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Functions as the predicate, meaning 'were born'.

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys, apes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of 'jātāḥ'.

किंनरीषु (kiṁnarīṣu) - among female Kinnaras

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of kiṃnarī

kiṁnarī - female Kinnara (a mythical being, typically half-human, half-horse or bird)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

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