महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-79, verse-3

कथं नु दृष्ट्वा पाञ्चालीं तथा क्लिष्टां सभागताम् ।
अवधेन प्रशाम्येत मम मन्युः सुयोधने ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ nu dṛṣṭvā pāñcālīṁ tathā kliṣṭāṁ sabhāgatām ,
avadhena praśāmyeta mama manyuḥ suyodhane.

3. katham nu dṛṣṭvā pāñcālīm tathā kliṣṭām sabhāgatām
avadhena praśāmyeta mama manyuḥ suyodhane

3. How, indeed, could my wrath be quelled towards Suyodhana without his demise, after seeing Pāñcālī (Draupadī) so distressed and dragged into the assembly?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पाञ्चालीम् (pāñcālīm) - Pāñcālī (Draupadī) (Pāñcālī)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in such a state

• क्लिष्टाम् (kliṣṭām) - afflicted, distressed, tormented

• सभागताम् (sabhāgatām) - dragged into the assembly (brought into the assembly, arrived at the assembly)

• अवधेन (avadhena) - by not killing, by not slaying, without killing

• प्रशाम्येत (praśāmyeta) - it would be appeased, it would calm down

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - wrath, anger, fury

• सुयोधने (suyodhane) - towards Duryodhana (towards Suyodhana, in Suyodhana)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, surely (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पाञ्चालीम् (pāñcālīm) - Pāñcālī (Draupadī) (Pāñcālī)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pāñcālī

pāñcālī - a princess of the Pañcāla country, Draupadī

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in such a state

(indeclinable)

क्लिष्टाम् (kliṣṭām) - afflicted, distressed, tormented

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kliṣṭa

kliṣṭa - distressed, tormented, afflicted, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root kliś with suffix -ta.

Root: kliś (class 4)

सभागताम् (sabhāgatām) - dragged into the assembly (brought into the assembly, arrived at the assembly)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhāgata

sabhāgata - arrived at or brought into the assembly

Past Passive Participle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sabhā+āgata)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court, gambling hall
  noun (feminine)
• āgata – arrived, come, returned, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root gam with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

अवधेन (avadhena) - by not killing, by not slaying, without killing

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avadha

avadha - non-killing, not slaying, impunity

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vadha – killing, slaying, striking, death
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root han (to strike/kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

प्रशाम्येत (praśāmyeta) - it would be appeased, it would calm down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi liṅ) of śam

Optative Mood

From root śam with prefix pra-, in optative 3rd singular middle voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - wrath, anger, fury

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - temper, passion, wrath, anger, spirit, indignation

सुयोधने (suyodhane) - towards Duryodhana (towards Suyodhana, in Suyodhana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana)