महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-65, verse-4

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
गावल्गणे ब्रूहि नः सारफल्गु स्वसेनायां यावदिहास्ति किंचित् ।
त्वं पाण्डवानां निपुणं वेत्थ सर्वं किमेषां ज्यायः किमु तेषां कनीयः ॥४॥

4. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
gāvalgaṇe brūhi naḥ sāraphalgu; svasenāyāṁ yāvadihāsti kiṁcit ,
tvaṁ pāṇḍavānāṁ nipuṇaṁ vettha sarvaṁ; kimeṣāṁ jyāyaḥ kimu teṣāṁ kanīyaḥ.

4. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca gāvalgaṇe brūhi naḥ
sāraphalgu svasenāyām yāvat iha asti
kiñcit tvam pāṇḍavānām nipuṇam vettha sarvam
kim eṣām jyāyaḥ kim u teṣām kanīyaḥ

4. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Gāvālgaṇa, tell us about the strengths and weaknesses (sāraphalgu) in my own army, as much as there is anything here. You know everything about the Pāṇḍavas thoroughly. What is superior among them, and what is inferior among them?

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The king Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - Addressing Sañjaya, the charioteer and minister (O son of Gavālgaṇa (Sañjaya))

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• नः (naḥ) - to us, our

• सारफल्गु (sāraphalgu) - the strengths and weaknesses (of the army) (the essence and the worthless, the strengths and weaknesses)

• स्वसेनायाम् (svasenāyām) - in Dhṛtarāṣṭra's own army (in his own army)

• यावत् (yāvat) - as much as, as far as

• इह (iha) - in this present situation, regarding this matter (here, in this matter)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something, anything

• त्वम् (tvam) - Sanjaya (you)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• निपुणम् (nipuṇam) - skillfully, thoroughly, accurately

• वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• किम् (kim) - what?

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (Pāṇḍavas) (of these)

• ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - what is the superior aspect/force (superior, better, greater)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• उ (u) - and (and, moreover, or)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

• कनीयः (kanīyaḥ) - what is the inferior aspect/weakness (inferior, younger, smaller)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The king Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of the blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect active, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - Addressing Sañjaya, the charioteer and minister (O son of Gavālgaṇa (Sañjaya))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇa

gāvalgaṇa - son of Gavālgaṇa; a patronymic for Sañjaya

Patronymic of Gavālgaṇa

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of brū

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, imperative active, Parasmaipada

Root: brū (class 2)

नः (naḥ) - to us, our

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Enclitic form, also serves as genitive/accusative plural.

सारफल्गु (sāraphalgu) - the strengths and weaknesses (of the army) (the essence and the worthless, the strengths and weaknesses)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāraphalgu

sāraphalgu - strong and weak points, essence and triviality

Dvandva compound: sāra (essence/strength) + phalgu (trivial/weak)

Compound type : dvandva (sāra+phalgu)

• sāra – essence, strength, core
  noun (masculine)
• phalgu – trivial, insignificant, weak, worthless
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Object of 'brūhi'.

स्वसेनायाम् (svasenāyām) - in Dhṛtarāṣṭra's own army (in his own army)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of svasenā

svasenā - one's own army

Compound: sva (own) + senā (army)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+senā)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (feminine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

यावत् (yāvat) - as much as, as far as

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with 'kiñcit'.

इह (iha) - in this present situation, regarding this matter (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active

3rd person singular, present active, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - something, anything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcit

kiñcit - something, anything, a little

Compound: kim (what) + cit (indefinite particle)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cit)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• cit – an indefinite particle (something)
  indeclinable

Note: Used with yāvat to mean 'whatever there is'.

त्वम् (tvam) - Sanjaya (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

निपुणम् (nipuṇam) - skillfully, thoroughly, accurately

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here, modifying 'vettha'.

वेत्थ (vettha) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vid

Present Active

2nd person singular, present active, Parasmaipada (irregular, root-class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Object of 'vettha'.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (Pāṇḍavas) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

ज्यायः (jyāyaḥ) - what is the superior aspect/force (superior, better, greater)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jyāyas

jyāyas - superior, elder, better, stronger

Comparative degree of 'praśasya' (good)

Note: Comparative adjective, asking about their strength.

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

उ (u) - and (and, moreover, or)

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (Pāṇḍavas) (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

कनीयः (kanīyaḥ) - what is the inferior aspect/weakness (inferior, younger, smaller)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kanīyas

kanīyas - inferior, younger, smaller, worse

Comparative degree of 'kaṇa' (small) or 'hīna' (deficient)

Note: Comparative adjective, asking about their weakness.