महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-65, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
दुर्योधने धार्तराष्ट्रे तद्वचोऽप्रतिनन्दति ।
तूष्णींभूतेषु सर्वेषु समुत्तस्थुर्नरेश्वराः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
duryodhane dhārtarāṣṭre tadvaco'pratinandati ,
tūṣṇīṁbhūteṣu sarveṣu samuttasthurnareśvarāḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca duryodhane dhārtarāṣṭre tat vacas
apratinandati tūṣṇīmbhūteṣu sarveṣu samuttasthuḥ nareśvarāḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: When Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, did not approve those words, and all (others) had become silent, the kings stood up.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator, Vaiśampayana (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - in Duryodhana, when Duryodhana

• धार्तराष्ट्रे (dhārtarāṣṭre) - Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (in the son of Dhritarashtra, when the son of Dhritarashtra)

• तत् (tat) - those (previous) words (that, those)

• वचस् (vacas) - the words previously spoken (word, speech)

• अप्रतिनन्दति (apratinandati) - does not approve, does not welcome

• तूष्णीम्भूतेषु (tūṣṇīmbhūteṣu) - having become silent, being silent

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - among all (kings/people present) (in all, among all)

• समुत्तस्थुः (samuttasthuḥ) - they stood up

• नरेश्वराः (nareśvarāḥ) - kings, lords of men

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator, Vaiśampayana (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa, and narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect active, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - in Duryodhana, when Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - name of the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, indicating 'when Duryodhana...'.

धार्तराष्ट्रे (dhārtarāṣṭre) - Duryodhana, the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (in the son of Dhritarashtra, when the son of Dhritarashtra)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Derivative from Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, referring to Duryodhana.

तत् (tat) - those (previous) words (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the words (vacas) previously spoken.

वचस् (vacas) - the words previously spoken (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अप्रतिनन्दति (apratinandati) - does not approve, does not welcome

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pratinand

Present Active

3rd person singular, present active, Parasmaipada, from prefix prati + root nand (1st class)

Prefix: prati

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction; the 'a' negates the verb.

तूष्णीम्भूतेषु (tūṣṇīmbhūteṣu) - having become silent, being silent

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of tūṣṇīmbhūta

tūṣṇīmbhūta - silent, having become silent

Past Passive Participle (from bhū)

Compound formed from tūṣṇīm (adv) and bhūta (PPP of bhū)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tūṣṇīm+bhūta)

• tūṣṇīm – silently, quietly
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, been, past, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, modifying 'sarveṣu'.

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - among all (kings/people present) (in all, among all)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, referring to the people present, likely the kings.

समुत्तस्थुः (samuttasthuḥ) - they stood up

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of samutthā

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, perfect active, Parasmaipada, from sam + ut + sthā

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

नरेश्वराः (nareśvarāḥ) - kings, lords of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nareśvara

nareśvara - king, lord of men

Compound formed from nara (man) + īśvara (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)