महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-34, verse-4

ब्राह्मण्युवाच ।
यदिदं ब्रह्मणो लिङ्गं क्षेत्रज्ञमिति संज्ञितम् ।
ग्रहीतुं येन तच्छक्यं लक्षणं तस्य तत्क्व नु ॥४॥

4. brāhmaṇyuvāca ,
yadidaṁ brahmaṇo liṅgaṁ kṣetrajñamiti saṁjñitam ,
grahītuṁ yena tacchakyaṁ lakṣaṇaṁ tasya tatkva nu.

4. brāhmaṇī uvāca | yat idam brahmaṇaḥ liṅgam kṣetrajñaḥ iti
saṃjñitam | grahītum yena tat śakyam lakṣaṇam tasya tat kva nu

4. brāhmaṇī uvāca yat idam brahmaṇaḥ liṅgam kṣetrajñaḥ iti
saṃjñitam yena tat grahītum śakyam tasya lakṣaṇam tat kva nu

4. The brahmin lady said: "This characteristic of the absolute (brahman), which is called the 'knower of the field' (kṣetrajña), by what means can it be grasped? Where, then, is its definition (lakṣaṇa)?"

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणी (brāhmaṇī) - brahmin lady

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - that which (neuter)

• इदम् (idam) - this (neuter)

• ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman, of the Absolute

• लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - characteristic, sign, mark

• क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the individual soul or consciousness, distinct from the body or nature (the knower of the field)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, named as

• संज्ञितम् (saṁjñitam) - named, designated

• ग्रहीतुम् (grahītum) - to grasp, to comprehend

• येन (yena) - by which (means)

• तत् (tat) - that characteristic (that (neuter))

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible to be grasped (possible, capable)

• लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, definition, distinguishing mark

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (brahman) (of it, its)

• तत् (tat) - that definition (that (neuter))

• क्व (kva) - where?

• नु (nu) - then, indeed (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणी (brāhmaṇī) - brahmin lady

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇī

brāhmaṇī - a brahmin woman, wife of a brahmin

Feminine form of brāhmaṇa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit)

From root vac (2nd class), perfect third singular

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that which (neuter)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun

इदम् (idam) - this (neuter)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun

ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahman, of the Absolute

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - the Absolute, the universal self, the supreme being

Root: bṛh (class 1)

लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - characteristic, sign, mark

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - mark, sign, characteristic, token, gender

क्षेत्रज्ञः (kṣetrajñaḥ) - the individual soul or consciousness, distinct from the body or nature (the knower of the field)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field (kṣetra), i.e., the individual soul or consciousness

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, land, body, sphere of action
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root jñā (9th class)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

इति (iti) - thus, so, named as

(indeclinable)

संज्ञितम् (saṁjñitam) - named, designated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃjñita

saṁjñita - named, designated, called

Past Passive Participle

From root jñā (9th class) with prefix saṃ-

Prefix: saṃ

Root: jñā (class 9)

ग्रहीतुम् (grahītum) - to grasp, to comprehend

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root grah (9th class), with suffix -tum

Root: grah (class 9)

येन (yena) - by which (means)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun

तत् (tat) - that characteristic (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Demonstrative pronoun

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible to be grasped (possible, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable

Gerundive

From root śak (5th class) with suffix -ya

Root: śak (class 5)

लक्षणम् (lakṣaṇam) - characteristic, definition, distinguishing mark

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition, distinguishing attribute

From root lakṣ (10th class)

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (brahman) (of it, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Demonstrative pronoun

तत् (tat) - that definition (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Demonstrative pronoun

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - then, indeed (particle of interrogation/emphasis)

(indeclinable)