महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-87, verse-18

कृष्णपक्षे दशम्यादौ वर्जयित्वा चतुर्दशीम् ।
श्राद्धकर्मणि तिथ्यः स्युः प्रशस्ता न तथेतराः ॥१८॥

18. kṛṣṇapakṣe daśamyādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm ,
śrāddhakarmaṇi tithyaḥ syuḥ praśastā na tathetarāḥ.

18. kṛṣṇapakṣe daśamī ādau varjayitvā caturdaśīm |
śrāddhakarmaṇi tithyaḥ syuḥ praśastāḥ na tathā itarāḥ

18. In the dark (waning) fortnight, excluding the fourteenth lunar day, the lunar days beginning from the tenth are considered auspicious for the ancestral ritual (śrāddha); other days are not so.

Words meanings summery:

• कृष्णपक्षे (kṛṣṇapakṣe) - in the dark fortnight, in the waning fortnight

• दशमी (daśamī) - the tenth (lunar day)

• आदौ (ādau) - starting from (the tenth day) (at the beginning, firstly, starting from)

• वर्जयित्वा (varjayitvā) - having avoided, having excluded, excepting

• चतुर्दशीम् (caturdaśīm) - the fourteenth lunar day (the fourteenth (lunar day))

• श्राद्धकर्मणि (śrāddhakarmaṇi) - for the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) (in the ancestral ritual activity)

• तिथ्यः (tithyaḥ) - lunar days, dates

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they should be, they may be, they would be

• प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - praised, auspicious, excellent, approved

• न (na) - not, no

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise, in that manner

• इतराः (itarāḥ) - others, other (female)

Words meanings and morphology

कृष्णपक्षे (kṛṣṇapakṣe) - in the dark fortnight, in the waning fortnight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇapakṣa

kṛṣṇapakṣa - dark fortnight, waning half of the lunar month

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kṛṣṇa+pakṣa)

• kṛṣṇa – dark, black, dark-blue
  adjective
• pakṣa – fortnight (half of a lunar month), side, wing, party
  noun (masculine)

दशमी (daśamī) - the tenth (lunar day)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daśamī

daśamī - the tenth day of the lunar fortnight

Note: Used in conjunction with 'ādau' to mean 'starting from the tenth day'.

आदौ (ādau) - starting from (the tenth day) (at the beginning, firstly, starting from)

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of 'ādi' used adverbially.

वर्जयित्वा (varjayitvā) - having avoided, having excluded, excepting

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root vṛj (10th class) with prefix vi- + ktvā suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛj (class 10)

चतुर्दशीम् (caturdaśīm) - the fourteenth lunar day (the fourteenth (lunar day))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of caturdaśī

caturdaśī - the fourteenth day of the lunar fortnight

श्राद्धकर्मणि (śrāddhakarmaṇi) - for the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) (in the ancestral ritual activity)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śrāddhakarma

śrāddhakarma - act of śrāddha, ancestral ritual activity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrāddha+karman)

• śrāddha – ancestral ritual, funeral ceremony, offering to ancestors
  noun (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, ritual, work
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

तिथ्यः (tithyaḥ) - lunar days, dates

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tithi

tithi - lunar day, date

स्युः (syuḥ) - they should be, they may be, they would be

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

प्रशस्ताः (praśastāḥ) - praised, auspicious, excellent, approved

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of praśasta

praśasta - praised, auspicious, excellent, approved, commended

past passive participle

from root śas (to praise, command) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śas (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise, in that manner

(indeclinable)

इतराः (itarāḥ) - others, other (female)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different