महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-87, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्मात्मन्धर्मः प्रोक्तस्त्वयानघ ।
तथैव मे श्राद्धविधिं कृत्स्नं प्रब्रूहि पार्थिव ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
cāturvarṇyasya dharmātmandharmaḥ proktastvayānagha ,
tathaiva me śrāddhavidhiṁ kṛtsnaṁ prabrūhi pārthiva.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca cāturvarṇyasya
dharmātman dharmaḥ proktaḥ
tvayā anagha tathā eva me
śrāddhavidhim kṛtsnam prabrūhi pārthiva

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he dharmātman
he anagha cāturvarṇyasya dharmaḥ
tvayā proktaḥ tathā eva he pārthiva
me kṛtsnam śrāddhavidhim prabrūhi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O virtuous one (dharmātman), O sinless one, you have described the intrinsic nature (dharma) of the four social classes. Likewise, O king, please fully explain to me the complete procedure for the śrāddha ritual.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes

• धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - O virtuous one (dharmātman) (O virtuous one, O soul of dharma)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness)

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - has been declared (declared, told, said)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (O sinless one, O blameless one)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - likewise (intensifier for tathā) (only, indeed, just)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

• श्राद्धविधिम् (śrāddhavidhim) - the procedure for the śrāddha ritual (the procedure of śrāddha, ritual of śrāddha)

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - complete (complete, whole, entire)

• प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - please explain (please tell, declare)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (O king, O ruler, O earthly one)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular, active voice. Root vac (to speak). Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four classes; relating to the four classes

Derived from caturvarṇa (four classes) with the suffix -ya to denote a collection or system.

Note: Qualifies dharma.

धर्मात्मन् (dharmātman) - O virtuous one (dharmātman) (O virtuous one, O soul of dharma)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - virtuous, righteous soul

Vocative singular of dharmātman. Compound of dharma (righteousness, natural law) and ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Bhīṣma.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of proktaḥ (has been declared).

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - has been declared (declared, told, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, stated, said

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with prefix pra-, suffix -kta.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction (by you).

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (O sinless one, O blameless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, blameless, faultless

From negative prefix 'a-' and 'agha' (sin, fault). Vocative singular.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• agha – sin, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to Bhīṣma.

तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - likewise (intensifier for tathā) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of the 1st person pronoun.

Note: Dative sense: 'to me'.

श्राद्धविधिम् (śrāddhavidhim) - the procedure for the śrāddha ritual (the procedure of śrāddha, ritual of śrāddha)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śrāddhavidhi

śrāddhavidhi - procedure for śrāddha, rules for śrāddha

Compound of śrāddha (funeral offering, ritual for ancestors) and vidhi (rule, procedure).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrāddha+vidhi)

• śrāddha – ancestral offering, ritual for deceased ancestors, faith
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śrad
• vidhi – rule, method, procedure, ordinance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of prabrūhi.

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - complete (complete, whole, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete

Root: kṛt

प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - please explain (please tell, declare)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pra + brū

Imperative

2nd person singular, active voice. From root brū (to speak) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (O king, O ruler, O earthly one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, a king, prince

Vocative singular. Derived from pṛthivī (earth) with suffix -a, meaning 'lord of the earth' or 'earthly'.