महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-149, verse-8

यथा पिपासां जयति पुरुषः प्राप्य वै जलम् ।
दृष्टार्थो विद्ययाप्येवमविद्यां प्रजहेन्नरः ॥८॥

8. yathā pipāsāṁ jayati puruṣaḥ prāpya vai jalam ,
dṛṣṭārtho vidyayāpyevamavidyāṁ prajahennaraḥ.

8. yathā pipāsām jayati puruṣaḥ prāpya vai jalam
dṛṣṭārthaḥ vidyayā api evam avidyām prajahet naraḥ

8. yathā puruṣaḥ vai jalam prāpya pipāsām jayati,
evam api naraḥ dṛṣṭārthaḥ vidyayā avidyām prajahet

8. Just as a person (puruṣa) overcomes thirst by indeed obtaining water, so too should a man, having realized the true purpose, abandon ignorance (avidyā) through knowledge (vidyā).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• पिपासाम् (pipāsām) - thirst, desire to drink

• जयति (jayati) - conquers, overcomes, wins

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, man, male being

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely (emphatic particle)

• जलम् (jalam) - water

• दृष्टार्थः (dṛṣṭārthaḥ) - one who has seen the purpose/meaning, one whose purpose is seen/realized

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge, through learning

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• अविद्याम् (avidyām) - ignorance, non-knowledge

• प्रजहेत् (prajahet) - should abandon, would give up

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, person

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

पिपासाम् (pipāsām) - thirst, desire to drink

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pipāsā

pipāsā - thirst

Desiderative formation from √pā (to drink)

Root: pā (class 1)

जयति (jayati) - conquers, overcomes, wins

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ji

Root √ji (class 1) with 'a' infix and 'ati' ending

Root: ji (class 1)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, man, male being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, soul, cosmic being

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix 'pra' + √āp (to obtain) with suffix -ya

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, surely (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

जलम् (jalam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

दृष्टार्थः (dṛṣṭārthaḥ) - one who has seen the purpose/meaning, one whose purpose is seen/realized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭārtha

dṛṣṭārtha - having seen the object, having achieved the aim

Compound of dṛṣṭa (seen) and artha (purpose/meaning)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛṣṭa+artha)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, observed, perceived
  Past Passive Participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, goal, object
  noun (masculine)

विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge, through learning

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning

Root: vid (class 2)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

अविद्याम् (avidyām) - ignorance, non-knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, spiritual ignorance

Negative prefix 'a-' + vidyā (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

प्रजहेत् (prajahet) - should abandon, would give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prajahā

Root √hā with prefix 'pra', optative ending -et

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being