महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-149, verse-4

यदा प्रयत्नं कृतवान्दृश्यते ह्यफलो नरः ।
मार्गन्नयशतैरर्थानमार्गंश्चापरः सुखी ॥४॥

4. yadā prayatnaṁ kṛtavāndṛśyate hyaphalo naraḥ ,
mārgannayaśatairarthānamārgaṁścāparaḥ sukhī.

4. yadā prayatnam kṛtavān dṛśyate hi aphalaḥ naraḥ |
mārgan naya-śataiḥ arthān a-mārgaḥ ca aparaḥ sukhī

4. yadā naraḥ prayatnam kṛtavān aphalaḥ hi dṛśyate ca
aparaḥ a-mārgaḥ arthān naya-śataiḥ mārgan sukhī

4. When a man who has made efforts is observed to be unsuccessful, another person, though on an improper path, is happy and obtains riches through hundreds of means.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

• प्रयत्नम् (prayatnam) - effort, exertion

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - who has made/done, having made

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is observed

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अफलः (aphalaḥ) - fruitless, without result

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• मार्गन् (mārgan) - seeking (wealth) (seeking, searching for)

• नय-शतैः (naya-śataiḥ) - by hundreds of means/ways

• अर्थान् (arthān) - riches, wealth (objects, purposes, riches, wealth)

• अ-मार्गः (a-mārgaḥ) - without a path, unrighteous, not following the right way

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another, other

• सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at what time

(indeclinable)

प्रयत्नम् (prayatnam) - effort, exertion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, endeavor

from pra-√yat

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - who has made/done, having made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having made, who has performed

Past Active Participle

from √kṛ + -tavat (suffix for past active participle)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, is observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present passive indicative

from √dṛś (class 1), ātmanepada, passive voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अफलः (aphalaḥ) - fruitless, without result

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aphala

aphala - fruitless, without result, ineffectual

nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a + phala

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'naraḥ'.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

मार्गन् (mārgan) - seeking (wealth) (seeking, searching for)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārgat

mārgat - seeking, searching, pursuing

Present Active Participle

from √mārg (class 10), from mṛg (to seek, hunt)

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: The -an ending is the strong stem of the present participle.

नय-शतैः (naya-śataiḥ) - by hundreds of means/ways

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of naya-śata

naya-śata - hundreds of means, various ways

tatpuruṣa compound of naya + śata

Compound type : karmadhāraya (naya+śata)

• naya – guidance, policy, conduct, means, method
  noun (masculine)
  from √nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Expresses the means by which wealth is obtained.

अर्थान् (arthān) - riches, wealth (objects, purposes, riches, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, thing, wealth, riches

from root ṛ (to go, to move)

Root: ṛ

अ-मार्गः (a-mārgaḥ) - without a path, unrighteous, not following the right way

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of a-mārga

a-mārga - without a road, off the path, wrong way, immoral

nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of a + mārga

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mārga)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mārga – path, road, way, proper course
  noun (masculine)
  from √mṛg (to seek)
  Root: mṛg (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another, other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Functions as a noun here.

सुखी (sukhī) - happy, joyful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin

sukhin - happy, joyful, comfortable

from sukha + -in (possessive suffix)