महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-149, verse-6

अधीत्य नीतिं यस्माच्च नीतियुक्तो न दृश्यते ।
अनभिज्ञश्च साचिव्यं गमितः केन हेतुना ।
विद्यायुक्तो ह्यविद्यश्च धनवान्दुर्गतस्तथा ॥६॥

6. adhītya nītiṁ yasmācca nītiyukto na dṛśyate ,
anabhijñaśca sācivyaṁ gamitaḥ kena hetunā ,
vidyāyukto hyavidyaśca dhanavāndurgatastathā.

6. adhītya nītim yasmāt ca nītiyuktaḥ
na dṛśyate anabhijñaḥ ca sācivyam
gamitaḥ kena hetunā vidyāyuktaḥ hi
avidyaḥ ca dhanavān durgataḥ tathā

6. yasmāt ca nītim adhītya nītiyuktaḥ na
dṛśyate ca kena hetunā anabhijñaḥ sācivyam
gamitaḥ hi vidyāyuktaḥ durgataḥ ca
avidyaḥ dhanavān tathā dhanavān durgataḥ

6. Why is it that, despite studying principles of conduct (nīti), an ethical person is not seen? And by what cause is an ignorant person appointed to a ministerial position? Indeed, a person endowed with knowledge (vidyā) is found to be poor, while an ignorant person is wealthy; similarly, a wealthy person (can also be) distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having learned

• नीतिम् (nītim) - policy, conduct, ethics, moral principles

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom/which, because of which, why

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• नीतियुक्तः (nītiyuktaḥ) - endowed with policy/ethics, ethical, righteous

• न (na) - not, no

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• अनभिज्ञः (anabhijñaḥ) - ignorant, unskilled, unaware

• साचिव्यम् (sācivyam) - ministership, office of a minister

• गमितः (gamitaḥ) - made to go, caused to go, appointed, attained

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

• विद्यायुक्तः (vidyāyuktaḥ) - endowed with knowledge, learned

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

• अविद्यः (avidyaḥ) - unlearned, ignorant, without knowledge

• च (ca) - and, also

• धनवान् (dhanavān) - wealthy, rich

• दुर्गतः (durgataḥ) - distressed, poor, fallen into a bad state

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

Words meanings and morphology

अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied, having learned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix 'adhi' + √i (to go) with suffix -tya

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

नीतिम् (nītim) - policy, conduct, ethics, moral principles

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nīti

nīti - guidance, conduct, policy, ethics

Root: nī (class 1)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - from whom/which, because of which, why

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

नीतियुक्तः (nītiyuktaḥ) - endowed with policy/ethics, ethical, righteous

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nītiyukta

nītiyukta - connected with policy, ethical

Compound of nīti (ethics) and yukta (joined/endowed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nīti+yukta)

• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, ethics
  noun (feminine)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, appropriate
  Past Passive Participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √yuj (to join, connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अनभिज्ञः (anabhijñaḥ) - ignorant, unskilled, unaware

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anabhijña

anabhijña - not knowing, ignorant

Negative prefix 'an-' + abhijña (knowing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+abhijña)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• abhijña – knowing, acquainted with, skilled
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix 'abhi' + root √jñā (to know)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

साचिव्यम् (sācivyam) - ministership, office of a minister

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sācivya

sācivya - the state of being a minister, ministership

Derived from saciva (minister)

गमितः (gamitaḥ) - made to go, caused to go, appointed, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gamita

gamita - caused to go, sent, appointed

Causative Past Passive Participle

Formed from causative stem of √gam (to go) + suffix -ita

Root: gam (class 1)

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who

हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

Root: hi

विद्यायुक्तः (vidyāyuktaḥ) - endowed with knowledge, learned

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidyāyukta

vidyāyukta - joined with knowledge, learned

Compound of vidyā (knowledge) and yukta (joined/endowed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidyā+yukta)

• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, appropriate
  Past Passive Participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √yuj (to join, connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

अविद्यः (avidyaḥ) - unlearned, ignorant, without knowledge

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidya

avidya - ignorant, unlearned, non-knowledge

Negative prefix 'a-' + vidya (knowledgeable, from vidyā)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vidya – to be known, learned, knowledgeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धनवान् (dhanavān) - wealthy, rich

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanavat

dhanavat - possessing wealth, rich

Possessive suffix -vat from dhana (wealth)

दुर्गतः (durgataḥ) - distressed, poor, fallen into a bad state

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durgata

durgata - gone to a bad state, distressed, poor

Compound of dur- (bad) + gata (gone)

Compound type : pra-ādi tatpuruṣa (dur+gata)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• gata – gone, reached, obtained
  Past Passive Participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)