महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-120, verse-4

पाहि सर्वाः प्रजाः सम्यक्शुभाशुभविदात्मवान् ।
शुभैः संविभजन्कामैरशुभानां च पावनैः ॥४॥

4. pāhi sarvāḥ prajāḥ samyakśubhāśubhavidātmavān ,
śubhaiḥ saṁvibhajankāmairaśubhānāṁ ca pāvanaiḥ.

4. pāhi sarvāḥ prajāḥ samyak śubhāśubhavidātmanvān
śubhaiḥ saṃvibhajant kāmaiḥ aśubhānām ca pāvanaiḥ

4. śubhāśubhavidātmanvān samyak sarvāḥ prajāḥ pāhi
śubhaiḥ kāmaiḥ saṃvibhajant ca aśubhānām pāvanaiḥ

4. Being self-possessed (ātman) and discerning good from bad, protect all beings properly by distributing auspicious benefits and by purifying the inauspicious.

Words meanings summery:

• पाहि (pāhi) - you should protect and rule (protect, guard, govern)

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all the various creatures or subjects (all, every)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the citizens or living beings under one's rule (creatures, offspring, subjects, citizens)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - in a right and thorough manner (properly, correctly, completely, thoroughly)

• शुभाशुभविदात्मन्वान् (śubhāśubhavidātmanvān) - one who has wisdom (ātman) to discern between beneficial and harmful (one who is self-possessed and knows good and bad)

• शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by providing beneficial or propitious outcomes/objects (by auspicious, by good, by beneficial (things))

• संविभजन्त् (saṁvibhajant) - by properly distributing (distributing, sharing, dividing)

• कामैः (kāmaiḥ) - by means of desired objects or benefits (by desires, by wishes, by benefits, by pleasures)

• अशुभानाम् (aśubhānām) - of those who are inauspicious or evil, or their actions (of inauspicious ones, of evil things, of the unfortunate)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पावनैः (pāvanaiḥ) - by means of actions or objects that purify (by purifiers, by purifying means)

Words meanings and morphology

पाहि (pāhi) - you should protect and rule (protect, guard, govern)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pā

Imperative Active, 2nd person singular

From √pā (to protect), class 2. Forms 'pāhi' in imperative mood.

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to an implied 'you'.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all the various creatures or subjects (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Feminine accusative plural of the pronoun 'sarva'.

Note: Adjective modifying 'prajāḥ'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the citizens or living beings under one's rule (creatures, offspring, subjects, citizens)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people, creation

From pra-√jan (to be born, produce)

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'pāhi'.

सम्यक् (samyak) - in a right and thorough manner (properly, correctly, completely, thoroughly)

(indeclinable)

From samy-añc (to go together, to be united, to be right)

Prefix: sam

Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying 'pāhi'.

शुभाशुभविदात्मन्वान् (śubhāśubhavidātmanvān) - one who has wisdom (ātman) to discern between beneficial and harmful (one who is self-possessed and knows good and bad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śubhāśubhavidātmanvat

śubhāśubhavidātmanvat - one who knows good and bad (śubhāśubhavid) and possesses an (ātman) (ātmanvat)

Compound of śubha (good), aśubha (bad), vid (knowing) and ātmanvat (having an ātman).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śubha+aśubha+vid+ātmanvat)

• śubha – auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious
  adjective (neuter)
• aśubha – inauspicious, bad, evil, unfortunate
  adjective (neuter)
  Prefix 'a-' for negation.
  Prefix: a
• vid – knowing, wise, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  From √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ātmanvat – possessing an (ātman), spiritual, self-possessed, firm-minded
  adjective (masculine)
  From ātman + -vat (possessive suffix)

Note: Describes the implied subject 'you' of 'pāhi'.

शुभैः (śubhaiḥ) - by providing beneficial or propitious outcomes/objects (by auspicious, by good, by beneficial (things))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious

Note: Modifies 'kāmaiḥ', indicating the means.

संविभजन्त् (saṁvibhajant) - by properly distributing (distributing, sharing, dividing)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvibhaj

saṁvibhaj - to divide, distribute, share, apportion

Present Active Participle

From √bhaj (to divide) with prefixes sam and vi. Forms 'saṃvibhajant' in present active participle, masculine nominative singular.

Prefixes: sam+vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject 'you', describing an ongoing action.

कामैः (kāmaiḥ) - by means of desired objects or benefits (by desires, by wishes, by benefits, by pleasures)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, love; object of desire, pleasure, gratification

From √kam (to desire)

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating the means of distribution.

अशुभानाम् (aśubhānām) - of those who are inauspicious or evil, or their actions (of inauspicious ones, of evil things, of the unfortunate)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, bad, evil, unfortunate, ill-omened

Prefix 'a-' for negation of śubha.

Note: Genitive plural, indicating 'of the inauspicious ones/things'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two instrumental phrases as means.

पावनैः (pāvanaiḥ) - by means of actions or objects that purify (by purifiers, by purifying means)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāvana

pāvana - purifying, sacred, holy; a purifier, means of purification

From √pū (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating the means of purification for the inauspicious.