महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-120, verse-14

तेऽपि यस्मात्स्वभावेन हताः क्षत्रियपुंगवाः ।
संप्राप्तास्ते गतिं पुण्यां तस्मान्मा शोच पुत्रक ॥१४॥

14. te'pi yasmātsvabhāvena hatāḥ kṣatriyapuṁgavāḥ ,
saṁprāptāste gatiṁ puṇyāṁ tasmānmā śoca putraka.

14. te api yasmāt svabhāvena hatāḥ kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ |
saṃprāptāḥ te gatiṃ puṇyāṃ tasmāt mā śoca putrak

14. putrak yasmāt te api kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ svabhāvena
hatāḥ puṇyām gatim saṃprāptāḥ tasmāt mā śoca

14. Since those foremost among kṣatriyas were slain by their intrinsic nature (dharma) as warriors, they have attained a meritorious destination. Therefore, my son, do not grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - Refers to the slain kṣatriyas. (they, those)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even they (despite being slain) attained a good destination. (also, even)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - Introduces the reason for not grieving. (because, from which)

• स्वभावेन (svabhāvena) - The kṣatriyas fought and died as was natural for their warrior (dharma) nature. (by nature, by their own intrinsic disposition)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - Refers to the warriors killed in the Mahābhārata war. (slain, killed, destroyed)

• क्षत्रियपुङ्गवाः (kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ) - Refers to the valiant warriors of the Mahābhārata who died in battle. (best of kṣatriyas, foremost among warriors)

• संप्राप्ताः (saṁprāptāḥ) - They reached a good afterlife. (having attained, having reached)

• ते (te) - Refers to the slain kṣatriyas, reiterating the subject. (they, those)

• गतिम् (gatim) - An auspicious afterlife or realm. (destination, state, course)

• पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - A good or blessed destination, typical for warriors who die in battle. (meritorious, virtuous, auspicious)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concludes the reason for not grieving. (therefore, from that)

• मा (mā) - A negative particle used with imperative or injunctive moods. (do not)

• शोच (śoca) - The command to Yudhiṣṭhira not to mourn. (grieve, lament)

• पुत्रक् (putrak) - Bhīṣma is addressing Yudhiṣṭhira affectionately. (O son)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - Refers to the slain kṣatriyas. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even they (despite being slain) attained a good destination. (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - Introduces the reason for not grieving. (because, from which)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, because

Note: Connects clauses, implying causation.

स्वभावेन (svabhāvena) - The kṣatriyas fought and died as was natural for their warrior (dharma) nature. (by nature, by their own intrinsic disposition)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svabhāva

svabhāva - one's own nature, inherent disposition, intrinsic nature

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bhāva)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• bhāva – state of being, nature, disposition
  noun (masculine)
  from √bhū 'to be'
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause.

हताः (hatāḥ) - Refers to the warriors killed in the Mahābhārata war. (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from √han 'to strike, to kill'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ.

क्षत्रियपुङ्गवाः (kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ) - Refers to the valiant warriors of the Mahābhārata who died in battle. (best of kṣatriyas, foremost among warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriyapuṅgava

kṣatriyapuṅgava - best of kṣatriyas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatriya+puṅgava)

• kṣatriya – warrior, member of the kṣatriya class
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the implied verb or predicative with hatāḥ.

संप्राप्ताः (saṁprāptāḥ) - They reached a good afterlife. (having attained, having reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃprāpta

saṁprāpta - attained, reached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

from √āp with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for te/kṣatriyapuṅgavāḥ.

ते (te) - Refers to the slain kṣatriyas, reiterating the subject. (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Subject of saṃprāptāḥ.

गतिम् (gatim) - An auspicious afterlife or realm. (destination, state, course)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - movement, going, destination, state, condition

from √gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of saṃprāptāḥ.

पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - A good or blessed destination, typical for warriors who die in battle. (meritorious, virtuous, auspicious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, auspicious, holy

Note: Qualifies gatim.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concludes the reason for not grieving. (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, therefore

Note: Connects clauses, indicating a consequence.

मा (mā) - A negative particle used with imperative or injunctive moods. (do not)

(indeclinable)

शोच (śoca) - The command to Yudhiṣṭhira not to mourn. (grieve, lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śuc

imperative active

root √śuc, 2nd person singular imperative (loṭ)

Root: śuc (class 1)

पुत्रक् (putrak) - Bhīṣma is addressing Yudhiṣṭhira affectionately. (O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - little son, dear son (diminutive/affectionate of putra)

affectionate diminutive of putra

Note: Shortened vocative for putraka.