महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-257, verse-7

उपोष्य संशितो भूत्वा हित्वा वेदकृताः श्रुतीः ।
आचार इत्यनाचाराः कृपणाः फलहेतवः ॥७॥

7. upoṣya saṁśito bhūtvā hitvā vedakṛtāḥ śrutīḥ ,
ācāra ityanācārāḥ kṛpaṇāḥ phalahetavaḥ.

7. upoṣya saṃśitaḥ bhūtvā hitvā vedakṛtāḥ śrutīḥ
ācāraḥ iti anācārāḥ kṛpaṇāḥ phalahetavaḥ

7. kṛpaṇāḥ phalahetavaḥ upoṣya saṃśitaḥ bhūtvā
vedakṛtāḥ śrutīḥ hitvā ācāraḥ iti anācārāḥ

7. These wretched people, motivated solely by the fruits of their actions (karma), after having fasted and supposedly become resolute, abandon the Vedic injunctions. They then declare, "this is proper conduct," despite their actual lack of good conduct.

Words meanings summery:

• उपोष्य (upoṣya) - having fasted (as a form of spiritual discipline) (having fasted, having remained near (for worship))

• संशितः (saṁśitaḥ) - resolute, disciplined (in their vows) (disciplined, resolute, sharpened, firm)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• वेदकृताः (vedakṛtāḥ) - made by the Vedas, enjoined by the Vedas

• श्रुतीः (śrutīḥ) - Vedic injunctions, sacred texts, revelation

• आचारः (ācāraḥ) - proper conduct, right practice (conduct, custom, tradition, practice)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech (thus, so, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

• अनाचाराः (anācārāḥ) - immoral, without proper conduct, ill-behaved

• कृपणाः (kṛpaṇāḥ) - wretched, miserable, pitiable, stingy

• फलहेतवः (phalahetavaḥ) - motivated by results, seeking fruits of action

Words meanings and morphology

उपोष्य (upoṣya) - having fasted (as a form of spiritual discipline) (having fasted, having remained near (for worship))

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From upa- (prefix) + root vas (to dwell) - or upa- (prefix) + root uṣ (to burn) / √vaś (to wish). Often used in the sense of 'to fast' (upa-√vas 'to reside near, implying abstention').

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

संशितः (saṁśitaḥ) - resolute, disciplined (in their vows) (disciplined, resolute, sharpened, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśita

saṁśita - sharpened, resolute, disciplined, firm

Past Passive Participle

From sam- (prefix) + root śā/śo (to sharpen, to discipline) + -ta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: śā / śo (class 4)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root bhū (to be) + -tvā suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root hā (to abandon) + -tvā suffix

Root: hā (class 3)

वेदकृताः (vedakṛtāḥ) - made by the Vedas, enjoined by the Vedas

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vedakṛta

vedakṛta - made by the Vedas, enjoined by the Vedas

Past Passive Participle

From Veda (Veda) + kṛta (made, done)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veda+kṛta)

• veda – Veda, knowledge, sacred text
  noun (masculine)
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 1)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, to make) + -ta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `śrutīḥ`.

श्रुतीः (śrutīḥ) - Vedic injunctions, sacred texts, revelation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śruti

śruti - hearing, Vedic injunction, sacred tradition, revelation

From root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Object of `hitvā`.

आचारः (ācāraḥ) - proper conduct, right practice (conduct, custom, tradition, practice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācāra

ācāra - conduct, custom, tradition, practice

From ā- (prefix) + root car (to move, to act)

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used in direct speech here "Ācāraḥ iti" (This is ācāra).

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech (thus, so, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

अनाचाराः (anācārāḥ) - immoral, without proper conduct, ill-behaved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anācāra

anācāra - immoral, without proper conduct, ill-behaved

From an- (negation) + ācāra (conduct)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ācāra)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix (variant of a- before vowels)
• ācāra – conduct, custom, tradition, practice
  noun (masculine)
  From ā- (prefix) + root car (to move, to act)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject (men).

कृपणाः (kṛpaṇāḥ) - wretched, miserable, pitiable, stingy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - wretched, miserable, pitiable, stingy, poor

From root kṛp (to lament, to pity)

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `anācārāḥ`.

फलहेतवः (phalahetavaḥ) - motivated by results, seeking fruits of action

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of phalahetu

phalahetu - cause of fruit, motivated by results/fruits

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (phala+hetu)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)
  Root: phal (class 1)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (masculine)
  From root hi (to send, impel)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Agrees with `anācārāḥ` and `kṛpaṇāḥ`.