महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-257, verse-12

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
शरीरमापदश्चापि विवदन्त्यविहिंसतः ।
कथं यात्रा शरीरस्य निरारम्भस्य सेत्स्यति ॥१२॥

12. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śarīramāpadaścāpi vivadantyavihiṁsataḥ ,
kathaṁ yātrā śarīrasya nirārambhasya setsyati.

12. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śarīram āpadaḥ ca api vivadanti
avihiṃsataḥ | katham yātrā śarīrasya nir-ārambhasya setsyati

12. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca śarīram āpadaḥ ca api avihiṃsataḥ
vivadanti nir-ārambhasya śarīrasya yātrā katham setsyati

12. Yudhishthira said: 'The very existence of the body and its inherent dangers (āpadaḥ) contradict the practice of absolute non-violence (avihiṃsataḥ). How will the sustenance (yātrā) of a body that undertakes no action be achieved?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

• आपदः (āpadaḥ) - inherent dangers or difficulties of the body's existence (dangers, calamities, misfortunes)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• विवदन्ति (vivadanti) - they stand in opposition to, contradict (they contend, dispute, contradict)

• अविहिंसतः (avihiṁsataḥ) - in regard to (the practice of) non-violence (from non-violence, without violence, in regard to non-violence)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• यात्रा (yātrā) - sustenance of life (sustenance, maintenance, journey, life)

• शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body

• निर्-आरम्भस्य (nir-ārambhasya) - of the one without undertaking/initiative/effort

• सेत्स्यति (setsyati) - will succeed, will be accomplished, will result

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (the eldest of the Pandavas)

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal form

Note: Subject of 'vivadanti'.

आपदः (āpadaḥ) - inherent dangers or difficulties of the body's existence (dangers, calamities, misfortunes)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, danger

Derived from root pad with prefix ā and suffix kvip.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vivadanti'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'śarīram' and 'āpadaḥ'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the body's inherent nature.

विवदन्ति (vivadanti) - they stand in opposition to, contradict (they contend, dispute, contradict)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vivad

Present Active

3rd person plural present active of root vad with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'śarīram' and 'āpadaḥ'.

अविहिंसतः (avihiṁsataḥ) - in regard to (the practice of) non-violence (from non-violence, without violence, in regard to non-violence)

(noun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of avihiṃsā

avihiṁsā - non-violence, harmlessness

Nominal derivative from a + vi + hiṃsā. Or an ablative of 'avihiṃsat'.

Prefix: a

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

Note: Indicates the context or object of contradiction.

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

यात्रा (yātrā) - sustenance of life (sustenance, maintenance, journey, life)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yātrā

yātrā - journey, procession, pilgrimage, maintenance, sustenance

Derived from root yā (to go) with suffix trā.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'setsyati'.

शरीरस्य (śarīrasya) - of the body

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal form

Note: Possessive, modifies 'yātrā'.

निर्-आरम्भस्य (nir-ārambhasya) - of the one without undertaking/initiative/effort

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nir-ārambha

nir-ārambha - without beginning, without undertaking, without effort

Compound of nis (without) and ārambha (beginning, undertaking).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+ārambha)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
• ārambha – beginning, undertaking, effort, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  Derived from root rabh with prefix ā and suffix ghañ.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śarīrasya' (implied 'of a person').

सेत्स्यति (setsyati) - will succeed, will be accomplished, will result

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of sidh

Future Active

3rd person singular future active of root sidh.

Root: sidh (class 4)