महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-257, verse-13

भीष्म उवाच ।
यथा शरीरं न ग्लायेन्नेयान्मृत्युवशं यथा ।
तथा कर्मसु वर्तेत समर्थो धर्ममाचरेत् ॥१३॥

13. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yathā śarīraṁ na glāyenneyānmṛtyuvaśaṁ yathā ,
tathā karmasu varteta samartho dharmamācaret.

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yathā śarīram na glāyet na neyāt mṛtyuvaśam
yathā tathā karmasu varteta samarthaḥ dharmam ācaret

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yathā śarīram na glāyet,
yathā mṛtyuvaśam na neyāt,
tathā karmasu varteta samarthaḥ dharmam ācaret

13. Bhishma said: "Just as the body should not languish, and should not be led to the sway of death, so too should one act in one's actions (karma). A capable person should practice their intrinsic nature (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - body, corporeal form

• न (na) - not, no

• ग्लायेत् (glāyet) - should languish, should wither, should become weary

• न (na) - not, no

• नेयात् (neyāt) - should lead, should guide

• मृत्युवशम् (mṛtyuvaśam) - to the sway of death, under the control of death

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

• कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions, in deeds

• वर्तेत (varteta) - should act, should exist, should behave

• समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable, able, competent

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature, constitution

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice, should perform, should follow

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata); terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

From root vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - body, corporeal form

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, physical frame

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ग्लायेत् (glāyet) - should languish, should wither, should become weary

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of glā

Optative Active

From root glai (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada), optative mood, 3rd person singular.

Root: glai (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

नेयात् (neyāt) - should lead, should guide

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of nī

Optative Active

From root nī (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada), optative mood, 3rd person singular.

Root: nī (class 1)

मृत्युवशम् (mṛtyuvaśam) - to the sway of death, under the control of death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyuvaśa

mṛtyuvaśa - sway of death, control of death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛtyu+vaśa)

• mṛtyu – death, mortality
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• vaśa – will, power, control, sway
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

(indeclinable)

कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions, in deeds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual

From root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वर्तेत (varteta) - should act, should exist, should behave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

Optative Middle

From root vṛt (1st conjugation, Atmanepada), optative mood, 3rd person singular.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable, able, competent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samartha

samartha - capable, able, competent, suitable

Derived from sa- (together) + artha (purpose).

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature, constitution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, virtue

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice, should perform, should follow

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ā-car

Optative Active

From root car (1st conjugation, Parasmaipada) with prefix ā, optative mood, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)