महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-244, verse-6

प्रक्लेदः क्षुद्रता स्नेह इत्यापो ह्युपदिश्यते ।
रसनं चेन्द्रियं जिह्वा रसश्चापां गुणो मतः ॥६॥

6. prakledaḥ kṣudratā sneha ityāpo hyupadiśyate ,
rasanaṁ cendriyaṁ jihvā rasaścāpāṁ guṇo mataḥ.

6. prakledaḥ kṣudratā snehaḥ iti āpaḥ hi upadiśyate
rasanam ca indriyam jihvā rasaḥ ca apām guṇaḥ mataḥ

6. prakledaḥ kṣudratā snehaḥ iti āpaḥ hi upadiśyate
rasanam ca indriyam jihvā rasaḥ ca apām guṇaḥ mataḥ

6. Moisture (prakleda), fineness (kṣudratā), and fluidity (sneha) – these are indeed taught as characteristics of water (āpas). The sense organ is the tongue (jihvā) for the sense of taste (rasana), and taste (rasa) is considered the quality of water.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रक्लेदः (prakledaḥ) - moisture, a characteristic property of water (āpas) (moisture, wetness, dampness)

• क्षुद्रता (kṣudratā) - fineness or subtlety, a characteristic of water (āpas) (minuteness, smallness, triviality)

• स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - fluidity or stickiness/adhesion, a characteristic of water (āpas) (oiliness, fluidity, smoothness, affection)

• इति (iti) - signifying 'thus understood' or 'so-called' (thus, so, in this manner)

• आपः (āpaḥ) - the element water (āpas) (waters, water)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because)

• उपदिश्यते (upadiśyate) - are taught (as properties) (is taught, is instructed, is described)

• रसनम् (rasanam) - the sense of taste (sense of taste, tasting, tongue)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इन्द्रियम् (indriyam) - a sense organ (sense organ, faculty)

• जिह्वा (jihvā) - the tongue, as the organ of taste (tongue)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, the quality of water (āpas) (taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपाम् (apām) - of water (referring to the element) (of waters, of water)

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - the quality (of water) (quality, attribute)

• मतः (mataḥ) - is considered (to be so) (considered, thought, approved, opinion)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रक्लेदः (prakledaḥ) - moisture, a characteristic property of water (āpas) (moisture, wetness, dampness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakleda

prakleda - moisture, wetness, dampness

From `pra` + root `klid` (to be wet).

Prefix: pra

Root: klid (class 4)

क्षुद्रता (kṣudratā) - fineness or subtlety, a characteristic of water (āpas) (minuteness, smallness, triviality)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣudratā

kṣudratā - minuteness, smallness, insignificance, triviality

Derived from `kṣudra` (small, minute) + `tā` (abstract noun suffix).

स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - fluidity or stickiness/adhesion, a characteristic of water (āpas) (oiliness, fluidity, smoothness, affection)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - oil, fat, fluidity, stickiness, smoothness, affection, love

From root `snih` (to be sticky, to love).

Root: snih (class 4)

इति (iti) - signifying 'thus understood' or 'so-called' (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

आपः (āpaḥ) - the element water (āpas) (waters, water)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Always used in plural for the element.

Note: The subject of `upadiśyate`.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

उपदिश्यते (upadiśyate) - are taught (as properties) (is taught, is instructed, is described)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upadiś

Present Tense, Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

Root `diś` with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

रसनम् (rasanam) - the sense of taste (sense of taste, tasting, tongue)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rasana

rasana - tasting, the sense of taste, tongue

From root `ras` (to taste).

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sensory faculty.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रियम् (indriyam) - a sense organ (sense organ, faculty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty, power, vitality

From `indra` (lord, ruler) + `īya` suffix.

जिह्वा (jihvā) - the tongue, as the organ of taste (tongue)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue, speech, language

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, the quality of water (āpas) (taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, essence, juice, liquid, sentiment, aesthetic enjoyment

From root `ras` (to taste, to feel).

Root: ras (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपाम् (apām) - of water (referring to the element) (of waters, of water)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Always used in plural for the element.

Note: Governs `guṇaḥ`.

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - the quality (of water) (quality, attribute)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, string, secondary matter

Note: Predicate nominative for `rasaḥ`.

मतः (mataḥ) - is considered (to be so) (considered, thought, approved, opinion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, believed, opinion, doctrine

Past Passive Participle

From root `man` (to think, believe).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb 'is considered'.