महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-244, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
द्वंद्वानि मोक्षजिज्ञासुरर्थधर्मावनुष्ठितः ।
वक्त्रा गुणवता शिष्यः श्राव्यः पूर्वमिदं महत् ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
dvaṁdvāni mokṣajijñāsurarthadharmāvanuṣṭhitaḥ ,
vaktrā guṇavatā śiṣyaḥ śrāvyaḥ pūrvamidaṁ mahat.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca dvandvāni mokṣajijñāsuḥ arthadharmau
anuṣṭhitaḥ vaktrā guṇavatā śiṣyaḥ śrāvyaḥ pūrvam idam mahat

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca mokṣajijñāsuḥ dvandvāni arthadharmau
anuṣṭhitaḥ śiṣyaḥ guṇavatā vaktrā pūrvam idam mahat śrāvyaḥ

1. Vyasa said: A disciple, desirous of liberation (mokṣa), who has dealt with the pairs of opposites and has practiced (artha) (material well-being) and (dharma) (righteous conduct), should first be taught this great subject by a virtuous speaker.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्वन्द्वानि (dvandvāni) - Worldly dualities such as pleasure/pain, heat/cold. (pairs of opposites, dualities)

• मोक्षजिज्ञासुः (mokṣajijñāsuḥ) - desirous of knowing liberation (mokṣa), seeker of mokṣa

• अर्थधर्मौ (arthadharmau) - The two human pursuits of material well-being and moral conduct. (wealth (artha) and (dharma) (righteous conduct))

• अनुष्ठितः (anuṣṭhitaḥ) - practiced, performed, observed

• वक्त्रा (vaktrā) - by a speaker, by an instructor

• गुणवता (guṇavatā) - by a virtuous one, by one possessing good qualities

• शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple, student

• श्राव्यः (śrāvyaḥ) - Should be made to hear, i.e., taught. (should be heard, should be taught/expounded)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, formerly

• इदम् (idam) - This (subject/discourse) (this, this one)

• महत् (mahat) - This great (subject/discourse). (great, important)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (a sage, author of Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, active voice

3rd singular perfect active from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

द्वन्द्वानि (dvandvāni) - Worldly dualities such as pleasure/pain, heat/cold. (pairs of opposites, dualities)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dvandva

dvandva - pair, couple, duality

Note: Object of implied 'understood/dealt with' for the disciple.

मोक्षजिज्ञासुः (mokṣajijñāsuḥ) - desirous of knowing liberation (mokṣa), seeker of mokṣa

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣajijñāsu

mokṣajijñāsu - desirous of knowing liberation

compound of mokṣa and jijñāsu (desirous of knowing), from desiderative of root jñā

Compound type : tatpurusha (mokṣa+jijñāsu)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, salvation
  noun (masculine)
  from root muc with suffix ghaṅ
  Root: muc (class 6)
• jijñāsu – desirous of knowing, inquisitive
  adjective (masculine)
  desiderative noun
  from desiderative stem of jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'śiṣyaḥ'.

अर्थधर्मौ (arthadharmau) - The two human pursuits of material well-being and moral conduct. (wealth (artha) and (dharma) (righteous conduct))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of arthadharma

arthadharma - wealth (artha) and (dharma) (righteousness)

Dvandva compound of artha and dharma

Compound type : dvandva (artha+dharma)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material well-being
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ with suffix man
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'anuṣṭhitaḥ'.

अनुष्ठितः (anuṣṭhitaḥ) - practiced, performed, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuṣṭhita

anuṣṭhita - performed, practiced, observed

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā with prefix anu, and suffix kta

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

वक्त्रा (vaktrā) - by a speaker, by an instructor

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vaktṛ

vaktṛ - speaker, instructor

agent noun from vac

from root vac (to speak) with suffix tṛc

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agent of 'śrāvyaḥ'.

गुणवता (guṇavatā) - by a virtuous one, by one possessing good qualities

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - virtuous, possessing qualities/merits

from guṇa (quality) with suffix mat/vat

शिष्यः (śiṣyaḥ) - disciple, student

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil

gerundive/passive participle

from root śās (to teach) with suffix ya

Root: śās (class 2)

श्राव्यः (śrāvyaḥ) - Should be made to hear, i.e., taught. (should be heard, should be taught/expounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrāvya

śrāvya - to be heard, audible, to be taught

gerundive/passive participle

from causative of root śru (to hear) with suffix ya

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'śiṣyaḥ'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, formerly

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - This (subject/discourse) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of 'śrāvyaḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - This great (subject/discourse). (great, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Note: Object of 'śrāvyaḥ'.