महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-225, verse-13

कालो गिरति विज्ञानं कालो बलमिति श्रुतिः ।
बलं कालो ग्रसति तु तं विद्वान्कुरुते वशे ॥१३॥

13. kālo girati vijñānaṁ kālo balamiti śrutiḥ ,
balaṁ kālo grasati tu taṁ vidvānkurute vaśe.

13. kālaḥ girati vijñānam kālaḥ balam iti śrutiḥ
balam kālaḥ grasati tu tam vidvān kurute vaśe

13. kālaḥ vijñānam girati kālaḥ balam iti śrutiḥ
tu kālaḥ balam grasati vidvān tam vaśe kurute

13. Time (kāla) devours discriminating knowledge (vijñāna). 'Time is strength' (bala)—thus speaks the sacred tradition (śruti). But time (kāla) itself consumes strength (bala); the wise person brings that (time) under control.

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny, death

• गिरति (girati) - swallows, devours, destroys

• विज्ञानम् (vijñānam) - specific or discerning knowledge (discriminating knowledge, understanding, science)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny, death

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

• इति (iti) - introduces a quote or statement (thus, in this manner, so saying)

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred text, revelation, tradition

• बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny, death

• ग्रसति (grasati) - devours, consumes, seizes, absorbs

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तम् (tam) - that (all-consuming time) (that, him, it)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise person, knowledgeable one

• कुरुते (kurute) - brings (under control) (does, makes, performs, places)

• वशे (vaśe) - under control (of the wise person) (in control, under sway, obedient)

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny, death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, duration, period, fate, death

Root: kal (class 10)

गिरति (girati) - swallows, devours, destroys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gṛ

From root 'gṛ' (to swallow).

Root: gṛ (class 6)

विज्ञानम् (vijñānam) - specific or discerning knowledge (discriminating knowledge, understanding, science)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vijñāna

vijñāna - discriminating knowledge, understanding, wisdom, science, discernment

From 'vi' (distinction) + root 'jñā' (to know).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny, death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, duration, period, fate, death

Root: kal (class 10)

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might, army

Derived from root 'bal' (to live, be strong).

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Here used as predicate nominative.

इति (iti) - introduces a quote or statement (thus, in this manner, so saying)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred text, revelation, tradition

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - sacred text, revelation, oral tradition, hearing

From root 'śru' (to hear) + suffix '-ti'.

Root: śru (class 5)

बलम् (balam) - strength, power, force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might, army

Derived from root 'bal' (to live, be strong).

Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Object of 'grasati'.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time, destiny, death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, duration, period, fate, death

Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'grasati'.

ग्रसति (grasati) - devours, consumes, seizes, absorbs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gras

Root: gras (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तम् (tam) - that (all-consuming time) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'kālaḥ' in its destructive aspect.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise person, knowledgeable one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing, a wise person

Present Active Participle

From root 'vid' (to know) + suffix '-vas'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular of a stem ending in -vat/-mat.

कुरुते (kurute) - brings (under control) (does, makes, performs, places)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'vaśe' to mean 'brings under control'.

वशे (vaśe) - under control (of the wise person) (in control, under sway, obedient)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, sway, obedience

Root: vaś (class 1)