महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-198, verse-11

तपसा चानुमानेन गुणैर्जात्या श्रुतेन च ।
निनीषेत्तत्परं ब्रह्म विशुद्धेनान्तरात्मना ॥११॥

11. tapasā cānumānena guṇairjātyā śrutena ca ,
ninīṣettatparaṁ brahma viśuddhenāntarātmanā.

11. tapasā ca anumānena guṇaiḥ jātyā śrutena ca
ninīṣeta tat param brahma viśuddhena antarātmanā

11. viśuddhena antarātmanā tapasā ca anumānena guṇaiḥ
jātyā ca śrutena tat param brahma ninīṣeta

11. With a purified inner self (antarātman), one should seek to attain that supreme Brahman by means of asceticism (tapas), inference, (good) qualities, noble birth, and scriptural knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual austerity

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by reasoning

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by virtues

• जात्या (jātyā) - by birth, by family, by caste, by (noble) origin

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by scripture, by revealed tradition, by hearing

• च (ca) - and, also

• निनीषेत (ninīṣeta) - one should desire to lead (towards), one should seek to attain/know

• तत् (tat) - that

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman, the Absolute Reality

• विशुद्धेन (viśuddhena) - by the purified, by the pure

• अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - by the inner self, by the inner spirit

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, by penance, by spiritual austerity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: means of attaining Brahman

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by reasoning

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anumāna

anumāna - inference, conclusion, reasoning

from 'anu-mā' (to infer, measure after)

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: means of attaining Brahman

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, by virtues

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, constituent (of prakṛti)

Note: means of attaining Brahman

जात्या (jātyā) - by birth, by family, by caste, by (noble) origin

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, caste, species

from root 'jan' (to be born) + suffix 'ti'

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: means of attaining Brahman

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by scripture, by revealed tradition, by hearing

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed (scripture), knowledge from hearing

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

from root 'śru' (to hear) + suffix 'ta'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: means of attaining Brahman

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निनीषेत (ninīṣeta) - one should desire to lead (towards), one should seek to attain/know

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of ninīṣ

Desiderative, Optative

from desiderative stem of 'ni-nī' (to lead down, guide), ātmanepada

Prefix: ni

Root: nī (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: refers to Brahman

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

Note: agrees with brahma

ब्रह्म (brahma) - Brahman, the Absolute Reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman, the Absolute, the ultimate reality

from root 'bṛh' (to grow, expand)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: object of ninīṣeta

विशुद्धेन (viśuddhena) - by the purified, by the pure

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśuddha

viśuddha - purified, pure, stainless

Past Passive Participle

from 'vi-śudh' (to purify completely)

Prefix: vi

Root: śudh (class 4)

Note: agrees with antarātmanā

अन्तरात्मना (antarātmanā) - by the inner self, by the inner spirit

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner self (ātman), innermost soul

compound of 'antara' (inner) and 'ātman' (self)

Compound type : tatpurusha (antara+ātman)

• antara – inner, interior
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: agent of ninīṣeta