महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-190, verse-13

भीष्म उवाच ।
दुष्प्रज्ञानेन निरया बहवः समुदाहृताः ।
प्रशस्तं जापकत्वं च दोषाश्चैते तदात्मकाः ॥१३॥

13. bhīṣma uvāca ,
duṣprajñānena nirayā bahavaḥ samudāhṛtāḥ ,
praśastaṁ jāpakatvaṁ ca doṣāścaite tadātmakāḥ.

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca duṣprajñānena nirayāḥ bahavaḥ samudāhṛtāḥ
praśastaṃ jāpakatvaṃ ca doṣāḥ ca ete tadātmakāḥ

13. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca duṣprajñānena bahavaḥ nirayāḥ samudāhṛtāḥ
ca jāpakatvaṃ praśastaṃ ca ete doṣāḥ tadātmakāḥ

13. Bhishma said: "Many regions of suffering (niraya) have been declared as arising from poor understanding (duṣprajñāna). And while the state of being a chanter is commendable, these faults are inherent to that very nature [of poor understanding]."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दुष्प्रज्ञानेन (duṣprajñānena) - due to poor understanding, by means of erroneous knowledge

• निरयाः (nirayāḥ) - hells, regions of suffering

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• समुदाहृताः (samudāhṛtāḥ) - declared, spoken of, mentioned

• प्रशस्तं (praśastaṁ) - praiseworthy, excellent, commendable

• जापकत्वं (jāpakatvaṁ) - the state of being a chanter/reciter, the act of chanting/reciting

• च (ca) - and

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, errors

• च (ca) - and

• एते (ete) - these

• तदात्मकाः (tadātmakāḥ) - having the nature of 'poor understanding' (duṣprajñāna) (having that nature, inherent to that, consisting of that)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दुष्प्रज्ञानेन (duṣprajñānena) - due to poor understanding, by means of erroneous knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duṣprajñāna

duṣprajñāna - bad knowledge, poor understanding, erroneous cognition (duṣprajñāna)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+prajñāna)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill, evil
  indeclinable
• prajñāna – understanding, knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

निरयाः (nirayāḥ) - hells, regions of suffering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niraya

niraya - hell, infernal region (niraya)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

समुदाहृताः (samudāhṛtāḥ) - declared, spoken of, mentioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudāhṛta

samudāhṛta - declared, stated, mentioned, enumerated

Past Passive Participle

from sam-ud-ā-√hṛ

Prefixes: sam+ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

प्रशस्तं (praśastaṁ) - praiseworthy, excellent, commendable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of praśasta

praśasta - praised, excellent, good, auspicious

Past Passive Participle

from pra-√śaṃs (to praise)

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

जापकत्वं (jāpakatvaṁ) - the state of being a chanter/reciter, the act of chanting/reciting

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāpakatva

jāpakatva - the state or quality of being a chanter or reciter

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jāpaka+tva)

• jāpaka – chanter, reciter (n.)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √jap (to murmur, utter softly)
  Root: jap (class 1)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns, 'state of being', '-ness'
  suffix (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, errors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, vice

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, that

तदात्मकाः (tadātmakāḥ) - having the nature of 'poor understanding' (duṣprajñāna) (having that nature, inherent to that, consisting of that)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tadātmaka

tadātmaka - having that nature, consisting of that, identical with that (tadātmaka)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+ātmaka)

• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)
• ātmaka – consisting of, relating to, connected with
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from ātman + -ka suffix