महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-183, verse-11

भृगुरुवाच ।
अनृतात्खलु तमः प्रादुर्भूतं तमोग्रस्ता अधर्ममेवानुवर्तन्ते न धर्मम् ।
क्रोधलोभमोहमानानृतादिभिरवच्छन्ना न खल्वस्मिँल्लोके न चामुत्र सुखमाप्नुवन्ति ।
विविधव्याधिगणोपतापैरवकीर्यन्ते ।
वधबन्धरोगपरिक्लेशादिभिश्च क्षुत्पिपासाश्रमकृतैरुपतापैरुपतप्यन्ते ।
चण्डवातात्युष्णातिशीतकृतैश्च प्रतिभयैः शारीरैर्दुःखैरुपतप्यन्ते ।
बन्धुधनविनाशविप्रयोगकृतैश्च मानसैः शोकैरभिभूयन्ते जरामृत्युकृतैश्चान्यैरिति ॥११॥

11. bhṛguruvāca ,
anṛtātkhalu tamaḥ prādurbhūtaṁ tamograstā adharmamevānuvartante na dharmam ,
krodhalobhamohamānānṛtādibhiravacchannā na khalvasmiँlloke na cāmutra sukhamāpnuvanti ,
vividhavyādhigaṇopatāpairavakīryante ,
vadhabandharogaparikleśādibhiśca kṣutpipāsāśramakṛtairupatāpairupatapyante ,
caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśītakṛtaiśca pratibhayaiḥ śārīrairduḥkhairupatapyante ,
bandhudhanavināśaviprayogakṛtaiśca mānasaiḥ śokairabhibhūyante jarāmṛtyukṛtaiścānyairiti.

11. bhṛguḥ uvāca anṛtāt khalu tamaḥ prādurbhūtam tamograstā adharmam eva anuvartante na dharmam krodhalobhamohamānānṛtādibhiḥ
avacchannā na khalu asmin loke na ca amutra sukham āpnuvanti vividhavādhi-gaṇopatāpair avakīryante
vadabandharogaparikleśādibhiś ca kṣutpipāsāśramakṛtair upatāpair upatapyante caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśītakṛtaiś ca pratibhayaiḥ śārīraiḥ
duḥkhair upatapyante bandhudhanavināśaviprayogakṛtaiś ca mānasaiḥ śokair abhibhūyante jarāmṛtyukṛtaiś ca anyair iti

11. bhṛguḥ uvāca anṛtāt khalu tamaḥ prādurbhūtam tamograstāḥ adharmam eva anuvartante na dharmam krodhalobhamohamānānṛtādibhiḥ
avacchannāḥ na khalu asmin loke na ca amutra sukham āpnuvanti vividhavādhi-gaṇopatāpaiḥ avakīryante
vadabandharogaparikleśādibhiḥ ca kṣutpipāsāśramakṛtaiḥ upatāpaiḥ upatapyante caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśītakṛtaiḥ ca pratibhayaiḥ śārīraiḥ
duḥkhaiḥ upatapyante bandhudhanavināśaviprayogakṛtaiḥ ca mānasaiḥ śokaiḥ abhibhūyante jarāmṛtyukṛtaiḥ ca anyaiḥ iti

11. Bhrigu said: Darkness indeed arises from untruth, and those who are overcome by darkness follow unrighteous action (adharma) rather than righteous action (dharma). Covered by anger, greed, delusion, pride, untruth, and similar flaws, they certainly do not attain happiness either in this world or the next. They are afflicted by various multitudes of diseases and torments, and they suffer from pains caused by execution, imprisonment, illness, and distress, as well as from torments brought on by hunger, thirst, and exhaustion. They suffer physical pains caused by terrifying fierce winds, extreme heat, and extreme severe cold. Furthermore, they are overwhelmed by mental sorrows caused by the loss of and separation from relatives and wealth, as well as by other sorrows caused by old age and death.

Words meanings summery:

• भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhrigu

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अनृतात् (anṛtāt) - from untruth, from falsehood

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness

• प्रादुर्भूतम् (prādurbhūtam) - manifested, arisen, appeared

• तमोग्रस्ताः (tamograstāḥ) - those overcome by darkness, those seized by darkness

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous action, adharma, unnatural law

• एव (eva) - indeed, exactly, only

• अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - follow, pursue, conform to

• न (na) - not

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous action, dharma, natural law

• क्रोधलोभमोहमानानृतादिभिः (krodhalobhamohamānānṛtādibhiḥ) - by anger, greed, delusion, pride, untruth, and similar flaws

• अवच्छन्नाः (avacchannāḥ) - covered, veiled, obscured

• न (na) - not

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• लोके (loke) - in world

• च (ca) - and

• अमुत्र (amutra) - in the next world, hereafter

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

• आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - attain, obtain, achieve

• विविधवाधि-गणोपतापैः (vividhavādhi-gaṇopatāpaiḥ) - by various multitudes of disease torments

• अवकीर्यन्ते (avakīryante) - are scattered, are overwhelmed, are afflicted

• वदबन्धरोगपरिक्लेशादिभिः (vadabandharogaparikleśādibhiḥ) - by execution, imprisonment, illness, distress, and similar causes

• च (ca) - and

• क्षुत्पिपासाश्रमकृतैः (kṣutpipāsāśramakṛtaiḥ) - caused by hunger, thirst, and exhaustion

• उपतापैः (upatāpaiḥ) - by torments, by afflictions

• उपतप्यन्ते (upatapyante) - are tormented, are afflicted

• चण्डवातात्युष्णातिशीतकृतैः (caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśītakṛtaiḥ) - caused by fierce winds, extreme heat, and severe cold

• च (ca) - and

• प्रतिभयैः (pratibhayaiḥ) - by terrifying, by fearful

• शारीरैः (śārīraiḥ) - physical, bodily

• दुःखैः (duḥkhaiḥ) - by pains, by sorrows, by sufferings

• उपतप्यन्ते (upatapyante) - are tormented, are afflicted

• बन्धुधनविनाशविप्रयोगकृतैः (bandhudhanavināśaviprayogakṛtaiḥ) - caused by the loss of and separation from relatives and wealth

• च (ca) - and

• मानसैः (mānasaiḥ) - mental

• शोकैः (śokaiḥ) - by sorrows, by griefs

• अभिभूयन्ते (abhibhūyante) - are overcome, are overpowered, are overwhelmed

• जरामृत्युकृतैः (jarāmṛtyukṛtaiḥ) - caused by old age and death

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a speech or section)

Words meanings and morphology

भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhrigu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - Bhrigu (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अनृतात् (anṛtāt) - from untruth, from falsehood

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, the quality of inertia or ignorance

प्रादुर्भूतम् (prādurbhūtam) - manifested, arisen, appeared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prādurbhūta

prādurbhūta - manifested, arisen, appeared

Past Passive Participle

pra-ādur + bhū

Prefix: prādur

Root: bhū (class 1)

तमोग्रस्ताः (tamograstāḥ) - those overcome by darkness, those seized by darkness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tamograstha

tamograstha - overcome by darkness, seized by darkness

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+grastha)

• tamas – darkness
  noun (neuter)
• grastha – seized, swallowed, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  gras
  Root: gras (class 1)

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteous action, adharma, unnatural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteous action, adharma, unrighteousness

एव (eva) - indeed, exactly, only

(indeclinable)

अनुवर्तन्ते (anuvartante) - follow, pursue, conform to

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of anuvṛt

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous action, dharma, natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteous action, natural law, dharma

क्रोधलोभमोहमानानृतादिभिः (krodhalobhamohamānānṛtādibhiḥ) - by anger, greed, delusion, pride, untruth, and similar flaws

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of krodha-lobha-moha-māna-anṛta-ādi

krodha-lobha-moha-māna-anṛta-ādi - anger, greed, delusion, pride, untruth, and others

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (krodha+lobha+moha+māna+anṛtādi)

• krodha – anger
  noun (masculine)
• lobha – greed
  noun (masculine)
• moha – delusion
  noun (masculine)
• māna – pride
  noun (masculine)
• anṛtādi – untruth and others
  noun (masculine)

अवच्छन्नाः (avacchannāḥ) - covered, veiled, obscured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avacchanna

avacchanna - covered, veiled, obscured

Past Passive Participle

ava + chad

Prefix: ava

Root: chad (class 10)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

लोके (loke) - in world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अमुत्र (amutra) - in the next world, hereafter

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, ease, joy

आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - attain, obtain, achieve

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

विविधवाधि-गणोपतापैः (vividhavādhi-gaṇopatāpaiḥ) - by various multitudes of disease torments

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vividha-vyādhi-gaṇa-upatāpa

vividha-vyādhi-gaṇa-upatāpa - torment by multitudes of various diseases

Compound type : tatpurusha (vividha+vyādhigaṇopatāpa)

• vividha – various
  adjective
• vyādhigaṇopatāpa – torment by a multitude of diseases
  noun (masculine)

अवकीर्यन्ते (avakīryante) - are scattered, are overwhelmed, are afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of avakṝ

Prefix: ava

Root: kṝ (class 6)

वदबन्धरोगपरिक्लेशादिभिः (vadabandharogaparikleśādibhiḥ) - by execution, imprisonment, illness, distress, and similar causes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vadabandharogaparikleśa-ādi

vadabandharogaparikleśa-ādi - execution, imprisonment, illness, distress, and the like

Compound type : dvandva-bahuvrihi (vada+bandha+roga+parikleśādi)

• vada – execution, striking, killing
  noun (masculine)
• bandha – imprisonment, binding
  noun (masculine)
• roga – disease, illness
  noun (masculine)
• parikleśādi – distress and others
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

क्षुत्पिपासाश्रमकृतैः (kṣutpipāsāśramakṛtaiḥ) - caused by hunger, thirst, and exhaustion

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣut-pipāsā-śrama-kṛta

kṣut-pipāsā-śrama-kṛta - caused by hunger, thirst, and exhaustion

Past Passive Participle

kṣudh + pipāsā + śrama + kṛ

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣutpipāsāśrama+kṛta)

• kṣutpipāsāśrama – hunger, thirst, and exhaustion
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, caused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

उपतापैः (upatāpaiḥ) - by torments, by afflictions

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upatāpa

upatāpa - torment, affliction, distress

Prefix: upa

Root: tap (class 1)

उपतप्यन्ते (upatapyante) - are tormented, are afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of upatap

Prefix: upa

Root: tap (class 1)

चण्डवातात्युष्णातिशीतकृतैः (caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśītakṛtaiḥ) - caused by fierce winds, extreme heat, and severe cold

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of caṇḍa-vāta-atiuṣṇa-atiśīta-kṛta

caṇḍa-vāta-atiuṣṇa-atiśīta-kṛta - caused by fierce winds, intense heat, and severe cold

Past Passive Participle

caṇḍa + vāta + ati-uṣṇa + ati-śīta + kṛ

Compound type : tatpurusha (caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśīta+kṛta)

• caṇḍavātātyuṣṇātiśīta – fierce winds, extreme heat, and severe cold
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, caused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रतिभयैः (pratibhayaiḥ) - by terrifying, by fearful

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pratibhaya

pratibhaya - terrifying, fearful, formidable

Prefix: prati

Root: bhī (class 3)

शारीरैः (śārīraiḥ) - physical, bodily

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śārīra

śārīra - physical, bodily

दुःखैः (duḥkhaiḥ) - by pains, by sorrows, by sufferings

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering

उपतप्यन्ते (upatapyante) - are tormented, are afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of upatap

Prefix: upa

Root: tap (class 1)

बन्धुधनविनाशविप्रयोगकृतैः (bandhudhanavināśaviprayogakṛtaiḥ) - caused by the loss of and separation from relatives and wealth

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandhu-dhana-vināśa-viprayoga-kṛta

bandhu-dhana-vināśa-viprayoga-kṛta - caused by destruction and separation of relatives and wealth

Past Passive Participle

bandhu + dhana + vināśa + viprayoga + kṛ

Compound type : tatpurusha (bandhudhanavināśaviprayoga+kṛta)

• bandhudhanavināśaviprayoga – loss of and separation from relatives and wealth
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – made, done, caused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मानसैः (mānasaiḥ) - mental

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānasa

mānasa - mental, pertaining to the mind

शोकैः (śokaiḥ) - by sorrows, by griefs

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief

अभिभूयन्ते (abhibhūyante) - are overcome, are overpowered, are overwhelmed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of abhibhū

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

जरामृत्युकृतैः (jarāmṛtyukṛtaiḥ) - caused by old age and death

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jarāmṛtyu-kṛta

jarāmṛtyu-kṛta - caused by old age and death

Past Passive Participle

jarā + mṛtyu + kṛ

Compound type : tatpurusha (jarāmṛtyu+kṛta)

• jarāmṛtyu – old age and death
  noun (feminine)
• kṛta – made, done, caused
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of a speech or section)

(indeclinable)

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