महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-183, verse-10

भरद्वाज उवाच ।
यदेतद्भवताभिहितं सुखानां परमाः स्त्रिय इति तन्न गृह्णीमः ।
न ह्येषामृषीणां महति स्थितानामप्राप्य एष गुणविशेषो न चैनमभिलषन्ति ।
श्रूयते च भगवांस्त्रिलोककृद्ब्रह्मा प्रभुरेकाकी तिष्ठति ।
ब्रह्मचारी न कामसुखेष्वात्मानमवदधाति ।
अपि च भगवान्विश्वेश्वर उमापतिः काममभिवर्तमानमनङ्गत्वेन शममनयत् ।
तस्माद्ब्रूमो न महात्मभिरयं प्रतिगृहीतो न त्वेष तावद्विशिष्टो गुण इति नैतद्भगवतः प्रत्येमि ।
भगवता तूक्तं सुखानां परमाः स्त्रिय इति ।
लोकप्रवादोऽपि च भवति द्विविधः फलोदयः सुकृतात्सुखमवाप्यते दुष्कृताद्दुःखमिति ।
अत्रोच्यताम् ॥१०॥

10. bharadvāja uvāca ,
yadetadbhavatābhihitaṁ sukhānāṁ paramāḥ striya iti tanna gṛhṇīmaḥ ,
na hyeṣāmṛṣīṇāṁ mahati sthitānāmaprāpya eṣa guṇaviśeṣo na cainamabhilaṣanti ,
śrūyate ca bhagavāṁstrilokakṛdbrahmā prabhurekākī tiṣṭhati ,
brahmacārī na kāmasukheṣvātmānamavadadhāti ,
api ca bhagavānviśveśvara umāpatiḥ kāmamabhivartamānamanaṅgatvena śamamanayat ,
tasmādbrūmo na mahātmabhirayaṁ pratigṛhīto na tveṣa tāvadviśiṣṭo guṇa iti naitadbhagavataḥ pratyemi ,
bhagavatā tūktaṁ sukhānāṁ paramāḥ striya iti ,
lokapravādo'pi ca bhavati dvividhaḥ phalodayaḥ sukṛtātsukhamavāpyate duṣkṛtādduḥkhamiti ,
atrocyatām.

10. bharadvāja uvāca yat etat bhavatā abhihitam sukhānām paramāḥ striyaḥ iti tat na gṛhṇīmaḥ na hi eṣām ṛṣīṇām mahati sthitānām aprāpyaḥ eṣa guṇa-viśeṣaḥ na ca enam
abhilaṣanti śrūyate ca bhagavān tri-loka-kṛt brahmā prabhuḥ ekākī tiṣṭhati brahmacārī na kāma-sukheṣu ātmānam avadadhāti api ca bhagavān viśveśvaraḥ umāpatiḥ
kāmam abhivartamānam anaṅgatvena śamam anayat tasmād brūmaḥ na mahātmabhiḥ ayam pratighītaḥ na tu eṣa tāvat viśiṣṭaḥ guṇaḥ iti na etat bhagavataḥ pratyemi
bhagavatā tu uktam sukhānām paramāḥ striyaḥ iti loka-pravādaḥ api ca bhavati dvi-vidhaḥ phala-udayaḥ sukṛtāt sukham avāpyate duṣkṛtāt duḥkham iti atra ucyatām

10. bharadvāja uvāca yat etat bhavatā abhihitam sukhānām paramāḥ striyaḥ iti tat na gṛhṇīmaḥ na hi eṣām ṛṣīṇām mahati sthitānām aprāpyaḥ eṣa guṇa-viśeṣaḥ na ca
enam abhilaṣanti śrūyate ca bhagavān tri-loka-kṛt brahmā prabhuḥ ekākī tiṣṭhati brahmacārī na kāma-sukheṣu ātmānam avadadhāti api ca bhagavān viśveśvaraḥ umāpatiḥ
kāmam abhivartamānam anaṅgatvena śamam anayat tasmād brūmo na mahātmabhiḥ ayam pratighītaḥ na tu eṣa tāvat viśiṣṭaḥ guṇaḥ iti na etat bhagavataḥ pratyemi
bhagavatā tu uktam sukhānām paramāḥ striyaḥ iti loka-pravādaḥ api ca bhavati dvi-vidhaḥ phala-udayaḥ sukṛtāt sukham avāpyate duṣkṛtāt duḥkham iti atra ucyatām

10. Bharadvāja said: That which was stated by you, that women are the ultimate source of happiness, we do not accept that. For this special quality is not unattainable for those great seers who are firmly established, yet they do not desire it. And it is heard that the lord Brahmā, the creator of the three worlds, remains alone and, as a celibate student, does not fix his mind on sensual pleasures. Moreover, the divine lord Viśveśvara, the husband of Umā, brought desire under control by turning it into formlessness when it approached him. Therefore we say that this is not accepted by great souls, nor is it such an exceptional quality, and I do not believe this of the divine being. Yet it was stated by the divine being that women are the ultimate happiness. And there is also the worldly saying that the arising of results is twofold, namely that happiness is attained from good deeds and sorrow from bad deeds. Please explain this matter.

Words meanings summery:

• भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvāja (the speaker) (Bharadvāja (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• एतत् (etat) - this

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (respectful)

• अभिहितम् (abhihitam) - spoken, stated, declared

• सुखानाम् (sukhānām) - of happiness, of pleasures

• परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• इति (iti) - thus, quotation marker

• तत् (tat) - that

• न (na) - not

• गृह्णीमः (gṛhṇīmaḥ) - we accept (this view) (we accept, we take, we grasp)

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these

• ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the seers, of the ṛṣis

• महति (mahati) - in a state of greatness / firmly established (in great (state))

• स्थितानाम् (sthitānām) - of those standing, of those situated or established

• अप्राप्यः (aprāpyaḥ) - unattainable, not to be reached

• एष (eṣa) - this

• गुण-विशेषः (guṇa-viśeṣaḥ) - special quality, particular attribute

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - this one, him

• अभिलषन्ति (abhilaṣanti) - they desire, they long for

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard, it is reported

• च (ca) - and

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, blessed lord

• त्रि-लोक-कृत् (tri-loka-kṛt) - creator of the three worlds

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (creator god)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord, master

• एकाकी (ekākī) - alone, solitary

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, remains, stays

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student, one observing brahmacarya

• न (na) - not

• काम-सुखेषु (kāma-sukheṣu) - in sensual pleasures, in desires and joys

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his mind / himself (self, mind, soul)

• अवदधाति (avadadhāti) - fixes, applies, concentrates

• अपि (api) - also, even

• च (ca) - and

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, blessed lord

• विश्वेश्वरः (viśveśvaraḥ) - lord of the universe

• उमापतिः (umāpatiḥ) - husband of Umā (Śiva)

• कामम् (kāmam) - desire / Kāma (desire, Kāma (god of love))

• अभिवर्तमानम् (abhivartamānam) - approaching, advancing

• अनङ्गत्वेन (anaṅgatvena) - by means of formlessness, by being bodiless

• शमम् (śamam) - subjugation / destruction (tranquility, peace, destruction (of passion))

• अनयत् (anayat) - brought (to destruction/subjugation) (led, brought)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• ब्रूमः (brūmaḥ) - we say, we speak

• न (na) - not

• महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by great souls

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• प्रतिघीतः (pratighītaḥ) - accepted, received

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• एष (eṣa) - this

• तावत् (tāvat) - so much, indeed

• विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - distinguished, exceptional, special

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality, attribute

• इति (iti) - thus

• न (na) - not

• एतत् (etat) - this

• भगवतः (bhagavataḥ) - of the divine being, of the lord

• प्रत्येमि (pratyemi) - I believe, I trust, I understand

• भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the divine being, by the lord

• तु (tu) - but, however

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said

• सुखानाम् (sukhānām) - of happiness, of pleasures

• परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, highest

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• इति (iti) - thus

• लोक-प्रवादः (loka-pravādaḥ) - worldly saying, popular report, common belief

• अपि (api) - also, even

• च (ca) - and

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

• द्वि-विधः (dvi-vidhaḥ) - twofold, of two kinds

• फल-उदयः (phala-udayaḥ) - arising of results, manifestation of fruit

• सुकृतात् (sukṛtāt) - from good deeds, from virtuous action

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy

• अवाप्यते (avāpyate) - is attained, is obtained

• दुष्कृतात् (duṣkṛtāt) - from evil deeds, from sin

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, pain, suffering

• इति (iti) - thus

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• उच्यताम् (ucyatām) - let it be spoken, let it be explained

Words meanings and morphology

भरद्वाज (bharadvāja) - Bharadvāja (the speaker) (Bharadvāja (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvāja (a sage and proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, that

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful pronoun)

अभिहितम् (abhihitam) - spoken, stated, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhihita

abhihita - spoken, stated

Past Passive Participle

abhi + dhā with past passive participle suffix ta

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

सुखानाम् (sukhānām) - of happiness, of pleasures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure

परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of parama

parama - supreme, highest, best

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

इति (iti) - thus, quotation marker

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

गृह्णीमः (gṛhṇīmaḥ) - we accept (this view) (we accept, we take, we grasp)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this

ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the seers, of the ṛṣis

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - seer, sage

महति (mahati) - in a state of greatness / firmly established (in great (state))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

स्थितानाम् (sthitānām) - of those standing, of those situated or established

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, established

Past Passive Participle

sthā with past passive participle suffix ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

अप्राप्यः (aprāpyaḥ) - unattainable, not to be reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprāpya

aprāpya - unattainable

Gerundive

a + pra + āp with gerundive suffix

Prefixes: a+pra+ā

Root: āp (class 5)

एष (eṣa) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

गुण-विशेषः (guṇa-viśeṣaḥ) - special quality, particular attribute

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa-viśeṣa

guṇa-viśeṣa - special quality, particular attribute

Compound type : karmadhāraya (guṇa+viśeṣa)

• guṇa – quality, attribute
  noun (masculine)
• viśeṣa – particular, special, distinction
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - this one, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, that

अभिलषन्ति (abhilaṣanti) - they desire, they long for

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of abhilaṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: laṣ (class 1)

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard, it is reported

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, blessed lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, divine, lord

त्रि-लोक-कृत् (tri-loka-kṛt) - creator of the three worlds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tri-loka-kṛt

tri-loka-kṛt - creator of the three worlds

Compound type : tatpurusha (tri-loka+kṛt)

• tri-loka – three worlds
  noun (neuter)
• kṛt – creator, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahmā (creator god)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator deity)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful one

एकाकी (ekākī) - alone, solitary

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekākin

ekākin - alone, solitary

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, remains, stays

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - celibate student, one observing brahmacarya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - celibate student, chaste person

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

काम-सुखेषु (kāma-sukheṣu) - in sensual pleasures, in desires and joys

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kāma-sukha

kāma-sukha - sensual pleasure

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kāma+sukha)

• kāma – desire, passion, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
• sukha – happiness, pleasure
  noun (neuter)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his mind / himself (self, mind, soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul

अवदधाति (avadadhāti) - fixes, applies, concentrates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avadhā

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, blessed lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, divine, lord

विश्वेश्वरः (viśveśvaraḥ) - lord of the universe

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśveśvara

viśveśvara - lord of the universe

Compound type : tatpurusha (viśva+īśvara)

• viśva – universe, all
  noun (neuter)
• īśvara – lord, master
  noun (masculine)

उमापतिः (umāpatiḥ) - husband of Umā (Śiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of umāpati

umāpati - husband of Umā (Śiva)

Compound type : tatpurusha (umā+pati)

• umā – Umā (goddess)
  proper noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

कामम् (kāmam) - desire / Kāma (desire, Kāma (god of love))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, love

अभिवर्तमानम् (abhivartamānam) - approaching, advancing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhivartamāna

abhivartamāna - approaching, advancing

Present Active Participle

abhi + vṛt with present middle participle suffix māna

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

अनङ्गत्वेन (anaṅgatvena) - by means of formlessness, by being bodiless

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anaṅgatva

anaṅgatva - formlessness, bodilessness

Compound type : tatpurusha (anaṅga+tva)

• anaṅga – bodiless, Kāma
  noun (masculine)
• tva – ness, state of
  noun (neuter)

शमम् (śamam) - subjugation / destruction (tranquility, peace, destruction (of passion))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - tranquility, peace, calming

Root: śam (class 4)

अनयत् (anayat) - brought (to destruction/subjugation) (led, brought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nī

Root: nī (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

ब्रूमः (brūmaḥ) - we say, we speak

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by great souls

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great soul

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahant+ātman)

• mahant – great
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – soul, self
  noun (masculine)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रतिघीतः (pratighītaḥ) - accepted, received

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigṛhīta

pratigṛhīta - accepted, received

Past Passive Participle

prati + grah with past passive participle suffix ta

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

एष (eṣa) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

तावत् (tāvat) - so much, indeed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tāvat

tāvat - so much, so long, indeed

विशिष्टः (viśiṣṭaḥ) - distinguished, exceptional, special

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, special

Past Passive Participle

vi + śiṣ with past passive participle suffix ta

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - quality, attribute

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue

इति (iti) - thus

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

भगवतः (bhagavataḥ) - of the divine being, of the lord

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, divine, lord

प्रत्येमि (pratyemi) - I believe, I trust, I understand

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratī

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)

भगवता (bhagavatā) - by the divine being, by the lord

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, divine, lord

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

vac with past passive participle suffix ta

Root: vac (class 2)

सुखानाम् (sukhānām) - of happiness, of pleasures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure

परमाः (paramāḥ) - supreme, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of parama

parama - supreme, highest

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

इति (iti) - thus

(indeclinable)

लोक-प्रवादः (loka-pravādaḥ) - worldly saying, popular report, common belief

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka-pravāda

loka-pravāda - worldly saying, popular report

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+pravāda)

• loka – world, people
  noun (masculine)
• pravāda – saying, report, rumor
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्वि-विधः (dvi-vidhaḥ) - twofold, of two kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvi-vidha

dvi-vidha - twofold, of two kinds

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+vidha)

• dvi – two
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort
  noun (masculine)

फल-उदयः (phala-udayaḥ) - arising of results, manifestation of fruit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phala-udaya

phala-udaya - arising of results or fruit

Compound type : tatpurusha (phala+udaya)

• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)
• udaya – arising, rise
  noun (masculine)

सुकृतात् (sukṛtāt) - from good deeds, from virtuous action

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, meritorious act

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy

अवाप्यते (avāpyate) - is attained, is obtained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

दुष्कृतात् (duṣkṛtāt) - from evil deeds, from sin

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - evil deed, sin

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, pain, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering

इति (iti) - thus

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

उच्यताम् (ucyatām) - let it be spoken, let it be explained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

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