महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-183, verse-5

तत्र यत्सत्यं स धर्मो यो धर्मः स प्रकाशो यः प्रकाशस्तत्सुखमिति ।
तत्र यदनृतं सोऽधर्मो योऽधर्मस्तत्तमो यत्तमस्तद्दुःखमिति ॥५॥

5. tatra yatsatyaṁ sa dharmo yo dharmaḥ sa prakāśo yaḥ prakāśastatsukhamiti ,
tatra yadanṛtaṁ so'dharmo yo'dharmastattamo yattamastadduḥkhamiti.

5. tatra yat satyam saḥ dharmaḥ yaḥ dharmaḥ
saḥ prakāśaḥ yaḥ prakāśaḥ tat sukham iti
tatra yat anṛtam saḥ adharmaḥ yaḥ adharmaḥ
tat tamaḥ yat tamaḥ tat duḥkham iti

5. tatra yat satyam saḥ dharmaḥ yaḥ dharmaḥ
saḥ prakāśaḥ yaḥ prakāśaḥ tat sukham iti
tatra yat anṛtam saḥ adharmaḥ yaḥ adharmaḥ
tat tamaḥ yat tamaḥ tat duḥkham iti

5. There, what is truth, that is natural law (dharma); what is natural law (dharma), that is light; what is light, that is happiness. And there, what is untruth, that is adharma (unnatural law); what is adharma, that is darkness; what is darkness, that is suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light, illumination, manifestation

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light, illumination, manifestation

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates conclusion

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, unnatural law

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, unnatural law

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, gloom

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, gloom

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates conclusion

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'tral' suffix indicating place

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real, virtuous

From 'sat' (being, existence) + 'ya' suffix

Root: as (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, to support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that which

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, to support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light, illumination, manifestation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, illumination, splendor, manifestation, appearance

From 'pra-' (forth) + root 'kāś' (to shine)

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that which

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light, illumination, manifestation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, illumination, splendor, manifestation, appearance

From 'pra-' (forth) + root 'kāś' (to shine)

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, comfort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort, well-being

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates conclusion

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'tral' suffix indicating place

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie; untrue, false

Negative particle 'an-' + 'ṛta' (truth, right)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, unnatural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, vice, unnatural law

Negative particle 'a-' + 'dharma'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that which

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, unnatural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, vice, unnatural law

Negative particle 'a-' + 'dharma'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates conclusion

(indeclinable)