महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-183, verse-2

अनृतं तमसो रूपं तमसा नीयते ह्यधः ।
तमोग्रस्ता न पश्यन्ति प्रकाशं तमसावृतम् ॥२॥

2. anṛtaṁ tamaso rūpaṁ tamasā nīyate hyadhaḥ ,
tamograstā na paśyanti prakāśaṁ tamasāvṛtam.

2. anṛtam tamasaḥ rūpam tamasā nīyate hi adhaḥ |
tamograstā na paśyanti prakāśam tamasāvṛttam

2. anṛtam tamasaḥ rūpam (asti) hi tamasā adhaḥ nīyate
tamograstāḥ prakāśam tamasāvṛttam na paśyanti

2. Untruth is the form of darkness; indeed, one is led downwards by darkness. Those overcome by darkness do not see the light that is veiled by darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, false

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of darkness

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, nature, appearance

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• नीयते (nīyate) - is led, is carried

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below

• तमोग्रस्ता (tamograstā) - overcome by darkness, enveloped by darkness

• न (na) - not, no

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they behold

• प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - light, radiance, manifestation

• तमसावृत्तम् (tamasāvṛttam) - covered by darkness, veiled by darkness

Words meanings and morphology

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, false

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, false

Negation (a-privative) of ṛta (truth, cosmic order)

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of darkness

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia

Root: tam

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, nature, appearance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, nature, beauty

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia

Root: tam

नीयते (nīyate) - is led, is carried

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of nī

Present passive

From root √nī (cl. 1) in passive voice

Root: nī (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below

(indeclinable)

तमोग्रस्ता (tamograstā) - overcome by darkness, enveloped by darkness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tamograstā

tamograstā - overcome by darkness

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tamas+grasta)

• tamas – darkness, ignorance, inertia
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tam
• grasta – seized, overcome, devoured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gras (cl. 1) 'to seize, devour'
  Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'people' or 'beings' (janaḥ/narāḥ) in plural.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they behold

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present active

From root √dṛś (cl. 1), forms 'paśya' stem in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - light, radiance, manifestation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, brightness, manifestation, clarity

From pra- + √kāś

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś

तमसावृत्तम् (tamasāvṛttam) - covered by darkness, veiled by darkness

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tamasāvṛtta

tamasāvṛtta - covered by darkness

Tatpurusha compound (instrumental)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tamas+āvṛtta)

• tamas – darkness, ignorance, inertia
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tam
• āvṛtta – covered, veiled, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā- + √vṛ 'to cover, choose'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'prakāśam'.