महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-183, verse-16

इत्येतल्लोकनिर्माणं ब्रह्मणा विहितं पुरा ।
प्रजा विपरिवर्तन्ते स्वैः स्वैः कर्मभिरावृताः ॥१६॥

16. ityetallokanirmāṇaṁ brahmaṇā vihitaṁ purā ,
prajā viparivartante svaiḥ svaiḥ karmabhirāvṛtāḥ.

16. iti etat lokanirmāṇaṃ brahmaṇā vihitaṃ purā prajāḥ
viparivartante svaiḥ svaiḥ karmabhiḥ āvṛtāḥ

16. Thus, this creation of beings (lokanirmāṇa) was formerly ordained by Brahmā. Creatures wander (viparivartante), enveloped by their own actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, here ends

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• लोकनिर्माणं (lokanirmāṇaṁ) - creation of the world, creation of beings

• ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā

• विहितं (vihitaṁ) - created, ordained, accomplished, performed

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, progeny, beings, people

• विपरिवर्तन्ते (viparivartante) - they revolve, they wander around, they are reborn

• स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by their own, by one's own

• स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by their own, by one's own

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by deeds, by actions, by karma

• आवृताः (āvṛtāḥ) - covered, enveloped, surrounded, veiled

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, here ends

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude a statement.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Neuter nominative singular.

लोकनिर्माणं (lokanirmāṇaṁ) - creation of the world, creation of beings

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lokanirmāṇa

lokanirmāṇa - creation of the world, creation of beings/people

Compound of loka (world, people) and nirmāṇa (creation, making).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+nirmāṇa)

• loka – world, realm, people, community
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)
• nirmāṇa – creation, making, formation, construction
  noun (neuter)
  From root mā (to measure, create) with ni.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Subject.

ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahmā

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmā (the creator god); sacred utterance, ultimate reality

Masculine noun, agent of action.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'vihitam'.

विहितं (vihitaṁ) - created, ordained, accomplished, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - created, ordained, arranged, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place, arrange) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'lokanirmāṇam'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Adverb of time.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - creatures, progeny, beings, people

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, creatures, people

Feminine noun, nominative plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject.

विपरिवर्तन्ते (viparivartante) - they revolve, they wander around, they are reborn

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of viparivart

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

From root vṛt (to turn, to exist) with prefixes vi and pari. 3rd person plural present middle (ātmanepada).

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the cyclical nature of existence (saṃsāra).

स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by their own, by one's own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self, own property

Instrumental plural. Repetition emphasizes "each their own."

Note: Adjective modifying 'karmabhiḥ'.

स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by their own, by one's own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self, own property

Instrumental plural. Repetition emphasizes "each their own."

Note: Adjective modifying 'karmabhiḥ'.

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by deeds, by actions, by karma

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, consequence of actions

Neuter noun, instrumental plural.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Instrumental of agent or means.

आवृताः (āvṛtāḥ) - covered, enveloped, surrounded, veiled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, veiled, impeded

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix ā. Feminine nominative plural.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective for 'prajāḥ'.