महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-132, verse-8

दुराचारः क्षीणबलः परिमाणं नियच्छति ।
अथ तस्मादुद्विजते सर्वो लोको वृकादिव ॥८॥

8. durācāraḥ kṣīṇabalaḥ parimāṇaṁ niyacchati ,
atha tasmādudvijate sarvo loko vṛkādiva.

8. durācāraḥ kṣīṇabalaḥ parimāṇam niyacchati |
atha tasmāt udvijate sarvaḥ lokaḥ vṛkāt iva

8. durācāraḥ kṣīṇabalaḥ parimāṇam niyacchati
atha sarvaḥ lokaḥ tasmāt vṛkāt iva udvijate

8. A wicked person whose strength has diminished tries to impose limits. Consequently, everyone shrinks away from him as if from a wolf.

Words meanings summery:

• दुराचारः (durācāraḥ) - ill-behaved, wicked, of bad conduct

• क्षीणबलः (kṣīṇabalaḥ) - whose strength is diminished, weakened, depleted of power

• परिमाणम् (parimāṇam) - measure, limit, extent, quantity

• नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restricts, limits, restrains, imposes

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover, therefore, consequently

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that, therefore

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - shrinks away, recoils, is alarmed, trembles

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, every, whole

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - people, world, folk

• वृकात् (vṛkāt) - from a wolf

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

दुराचारः (durācāraḥ) - ill-behaved, wicked, of bad conduct

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durācāra

durācāra - ill-behaved, wicked, corrupt

compound of 'dur' (bad) and 'ācāra' (conduct)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ācāra)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ācāra – conduct, custom, practice
  noun (masculine)
  From root car (to move, behave) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence.

क्षीणबलः (kṣīṇabalaḥ) - whose strength is diminished, weakened, depleted of power

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇabala

kṣīṇabala - having diminished strength, weakened

compound of 'kṣīṇa' (diminished) and 'bala' (strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+bala)

• kṣīṇa – diminished, wasted, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣi (to waste away, diminish)
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'durācāraḥ'.

परिमाणम् (parimāṇam) - measure, limit, extent, quantity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parimāṇa

parimāṇa - measure, limit, extent

From root mā (to measure) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'niyacchati'.

नियच्छति (niyacchati) - controls, restricts, limits, restrains, imposes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yam

present indicative active 3rd singular

From root yam with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover, therefore, consequently

(indeclinable)

particle indicating sequence or consequence

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that, therefore

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the 'durācāraḥ kṣīṇabalaḥ' person.

उद्विजते (udvijate) - shrinks away, recoils, is alarmed, trembles

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vij

present indicative middle 3rd singular

From root vij with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: The source of alarm is in the ablative.

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, every, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'lokaḥ'.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - people, world, folk

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, folk

From root lok (to see, perceive)

Root: lok

Note: Subject of 'udvijate'.

वृकात् (vṛkāt) - from a wolf

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vṛka

vṛka - wolf

Root: vṛkṣ (class 1)

Note: Source of comparison for 'tasmāt'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison