महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-132, verse-10

यदेनमाहुः पापेन चारित्रेण विनिक्षतम् ।
स भृशं तप्यतेऽनेन वाक्शल्येन परिक्षतः ॥१०॥

10. yadenamāhuḥ pāpena cāritreṇa vinikṣatam ,
sa bhṛśaṁ tapyate'nena vākśalyena parikṣataḥ.

10. yat enam āhuḥ pāpena cāritreṇa vinikṣatam |
saḥ bhṛśam tapyate anena vākśalyena parikṣataḥ

10. yat āhuḥ enam pāpena cāritreṇa vinikṣatam
saḥ parikṣataḥ अनेन वाक्शल्येन भृशम् तप्यते

10. When people declare him ruined by his wicked character, he, being deeply wounded, is greatly tormented by this verbal arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that, which

• एनम् (enam) - him, this

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• पापेन (pāpena) - by evil, by sin, by badness

• चारित्रेण (cāritreṇa) - by conduct, by character, by behavior

• विनिक्षतम् (vinikṣatam) - ruined, destroyed, wounded, completely cast down

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• तप्यते (tapyate) - is tormented, suffers, feels pain

• अनेन (anena) - by this

• वाक्शल्येन (vākśalyena) - by the arrow of words, by verbal dart

• परिक्षतः (parikṣataḥ) - wounded, injured all around, deeply hurt

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Introduces the clause, implying 'when' or 'that by which'.

एनम् (enam) - him, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, him

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the person being spoken about. Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (used in present sense) (lit) of ah

perfect active 3rd plural (irregular)

Irregular perfect form of root ah. Used in present sense.

Root: ah (class 2)

पापेन (pāpena) - by evil, by sin, by badness

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, wickedness

Note: Modifies 'cāritreṇa'.

चारित्रेण (cāritreṇa) - by conduct, by character, by behavior

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of cāritra

cāritra - conduct, character, behavior

From root car (to move, behave), suffix -itra

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Instrument of 'vinikṣatam'.

विनिक्षतम् (vinikṣatam) - ruined, destroyed, wounded, completely cast down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinikṣata

vinikṣata - ruined, destroyed, wounded, completely cast down

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root kṣan (to injure, wound) with prefixes vi and ni

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: kṣan (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'enam'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of 'tapyate'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'tapyate'.

तप्यते (tapyate) - is tormented, suffers, feels pain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

present indicative middle 3rd singular

From root tap

Root: tap (class 1)

अनेन (anena) - by this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'vākśalyena'.

वाक्शल्येन (vākśalyena) - by the arrow of words, by verbal dart

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vākśalya

vākśalya - arrow of words, verbal dart

Compound of 'vāc' (word) and 'śalya' (arrow)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+śalya)

• vāc – word, speech, voice
  noun (feminine)
  From root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• śalya – arrow, dart, spear
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śal (class 1)

Note: Instrument of 'tapyate'.

परिक्षतः (parikṣataḥ) - wounded, injured all around, deeply hurt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parikṣata

parikṣata - wounded all around, deeply injured

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root kṣan (to injure) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: kṣan (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'saḥ'.