महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-132, verse-4

यो ह्यनाढ्यः स पतितस्तदुच्छिष्टं यदल्पकम् ।
बह्वपथ्यं बलवति न किंचित्त्रायते भयात् ॥४॥

4. yo hyanāḍhyaḥ sa patitastaducchiṣṭaṁ yadalpakam ,
bahvapathyaṁ balavati na kiṁcittrāyate bhayāt.

4. yaḥ hi anāḍhyaḥ saḥ patitaḥ tat ucchiṣṭam yat alpakām
| bahu apathyam balavati na kiṃcit trāyate bhayāt

4. hi yaḥ anāḍhyaḥ saḥ patitaḥ yat
alpakām (asti) tat ucchiṣṭam
(bhavati) balavati bahu apathyam
(api) भयात् kiṃcit na trāyate

4. Indeed, he who is without means is fallen; whatever little he possesses is considered worthless (leftovers). Many unsuitable things (or actions) cannot protect a powerful person even slightly from fear.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, assuredly

• अनाढ्यः (anāḍhyaḥ) - impoverished, not rich, poor, without means

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, degraded, outcast, miserable

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• उच्छिष्टम् (ucchiṣṭam) - leftover, remnant, impure, refuse

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• अल्पकाम् (alpakām) - little, small, insignificant

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

• अपथ्याम् (apathyām) - unwholesome, unsuitable, improper, not beneficial

• बलवति (balavati) - in the powerful one, to the powerful one, when powerful

• न (na) - not, no

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - with negation, 'nothing at all', 'even slightly' (anything, something, a little)

• त्रायते (trāyate) - protects, saves, defends

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, assuredly

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing affirmation or cause.

अनाढ्यः (anāḍhyaḥ) - impoverished, not rich, poor, without means

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāḍhya

anāḍhya - not rich, poor, indigent, without means

Compound with negative prefix 'an-' and `āḍhya`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+āḍhya)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• āḍhya – rich, wealthy, prosperous
  adjective (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, degraded, outcast, miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, degraded, outcast, miserable

Past Passive Participle

From root `pat` (to fall) with the suffix `kta`.

Root: pat (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

उच्छिष्टम् (ucchiṣṭam) - leftover, remnant, impure, refuse

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ucchiṣṭa

ucchiṣṭa - leftover, remnant, residue, impure (especially food after eating)

Past Passive Participle

From `ud` + root `śiṣ` (to leave a remainder) with suffix `kta`.

Prefix: ud

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

अल्पकाम् (alpakām) - little, small, insignificant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpaka

alpaka - small, little, insignificant, scanty

From `alpa` (small) with suffix `ka`.

बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, numerous, frequent

अपथ्याम् (apathyām) - unwholesome, unsuitable, improper, not beneficial

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apathya

apathya - unwholesome, unsuitable, improper, not beneficial (especially food, regimen, conduct)

Compound of negative prefix `a-` and `pathya` (suitable, wholesome).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pathya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pathya – suitable for the path, wholesome, beneficial
  adjective (neuter)
  From `path` (path) + `ya` suffix.
  Root: path

बलवति (balavati) - in the powerful one, to the powerful one, when powerful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty; a powerful person

Possessive suffix -vat

Derived from `bala` (strength) with the possessive suffix `matup`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - with negation, 'nothing at all', 'even slightly' (anything, something, a little)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcid

kiṁcid - something, anything, a little, perhaps

Indefinite pronoun/adverb, from `kim` + `cid`. The particle `cid` adds indefiniteness.

त्रायते (trāyate) - protects, saves, defends

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of trā

Present middle indicative

From root `trā` (to protect), 2nd class verb. Often used in the middle voice.

Root: trā (class 2)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, alarm

From root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)