महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-132, verse-9

अपध्वस्तो ह्यवमतो दुःखं जीवति जीवितम् ।
जीवितं यदवक्षिप्तं यथैव मरणं तथा ॥९॥

9. apadhvasto hyavamato duḥkhaṁ jīvati jīvitam ,
jīvitaṁ yadavakṣiptaṁ yathaiva maraṇaṁ tathā.

9. apadhvastaḥ hi avamataḥ duḥkham jīvati jīvitam
| jīvitam yat avakṣiptam yathā eva maraṇam tathā

9. hi apadhvastaḥ avamataḥ दुःखं जीवितं जीवति यत् जीवितं अवक्षिप्तं,
तथा एव मरणं यथा

9. Indeed, a person who is disgraced and despised lives a miserable life. A life that is rejected or scorned is exactly like death.

Words meanings summery:

• अपध्वस्तः (apadhvastaḥ) - disgraced, ruined, destroyed, fallen

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely, because

• अवमतः (avamataḥ) - despised, disrespected, scorned

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - miserably, with difficulty, sorrowfully

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• अवक्षिप्तम् (avakṣiptam) - rejected, despised, cast down, scorned

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise

Words meanings and morphology

अपध्वस्तः (apadhvastaḥ) - disgraced, ruined, destroyed, fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apadhvasta

apadhvasta - disgraced, ruined, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root dhvaṃs (to fall, ruin) with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Acts as the subject (a disgraced person).

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely, because

(indeclinable)

emphasizing or causal particle

अवमतः (avamataḥ) - despised, disrespected, scorned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamata

avamata - despised, disrespected, scorned

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root man (to think, consider) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'apadhvastaḥ'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - miserably, with difficulty, sorrowfully

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

present indicative active 3rd singular

From root jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root jīv (to live), used as a noun

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'jīvati'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root jīv (to live), used as a noun

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'jīvitam'.

अवक्षिप्तम् (avakṣiptam) - rejected, despised, cast down, scorned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avakṣipta

avakṣipta - rejected, despised, cast down

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root kṣip (to throw) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvitam'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

Note: Corresponds with 'tathā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying

From root mṛ (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject in the comparative clause.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise

(indeclinable)

particle indicating consequence or comparison

Note: Corresponds with 'yathā'.