महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-10, verse-3

डुण्डुभ उवाच ।
अन्ये ते भुजगा विप्र ये दशन्तीह मानवान् ।
डुण्डुभानहिगन्धेन न त्वं हिंसितुमर्हसि ॥३॥

3. ḍuṇḍubha uvāca ,
anye te bhujagā vipra ye daśantīha mānavān ,
ḍuṇḍubhānahigandhena na tvaṁ hiṁsitumarhasi.

3. duṇḍubhaḥ uvāca | anye te bhujagā vipra ye daśanti iha
mānavān | duṇḍubhān ahigandhena na tvam hiṃsitum arhasi

3. The Duṇḍubha said: 'O Brahmin, those are different snakes who bite humans in this world. You should not seek to harm Duṇḍubhas merely by classifying them as 'snakes'.'

Words meanings summery:

• दुण्डुभः (duṇḍubhaḥ) - Duṇḍubha (a non-poisonous snake)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• अन्ये (anye) - different (ones) (other, different)

• ते (te) - those

• भुजगा (bhujagā) - snakes

• विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin, O sage

• ये (ye) - who (who, which)

• दशन्ति (daśanti) - they bite

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• मानवान् (mānavān) - humans, mortals

• दुण्डुभान् (duṇḍubhān) - Duṇḍubhas

• अहिगन्धेन (ahigandhena) - merely by classifying (us) as 'snakes' (by the characteristic of a snake, by the name of a snake, by the scent of a snake)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

• हिंसितुम् (hiṁsitum) - to injure, to harm, to kill

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

दुण्डुभः (duṇḍubhaḥ) - Duṇḍubha (a non-poisonous snake)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṇḍubha

duṇḍubha - a kind of harmless water snake, a species of snake

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अन्ये (anye) - different (ones) (other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, distinct

Note: Refers to 'bhujagā'.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'bhujagā'.

भुजगा (bhujagā) - snakes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhujaga

bhujaga - snake, serpent

Compound type : upapada (bhuja+ga)

• bhuja – arm, hand, shoulder
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'daśanti'.

विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin, O sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, inspired one

Note: Addresses Ruru.

ये (ye) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'bhujagā'.

दशन्ति (daśanti) - they bite

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of daṃś

Root: daṃś (class 1)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

मानवान् (mānavān) - humans, mortals

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, descendant of Manu, man

A patronymic from Manu

Note: Object of 'daśanti'.

दुण्डुभान् (duṇḍubhān) - Duṇḍubhas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duṇḍubha

duṇḍubha - a kind of harmless water snake, a species of snake

Note: Object of 'hiṃsitum'.

अहिगन्धेन (ahigandhena) - merely by classifying (us) as 'snakes' (by the characteristic of a snake, by the name of a snake, by the scent of a snake)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ahigandha

ahigandha - the characteristic of a snake, the nature of a snake, (lit.) snake-smell

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ahi+gandha)

• ahi – snake, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• gandha – smell, scent, characteristic, trace
  noun (masculine)

Note: Explains the reason/means for not harming.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'arhasi'.

हिंसितुम् (hiṁsitum) - to injure, to harm, to kill

(verb)

active, infinitive of hiṃs

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

Note: Used with 'arhasi' ('you ought to do X').

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Often used with an infinitive to express obligation or fitness.