महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-10, verse-4

एकानर्थान्पृथगर्थानेकदुःखान्पृथक्सुखान् ।
डुण्डुभान्धर्मविद्भूत्वा न त्वं हिंसितुमर्हसि ॥४॥

4. ekānarthānpṛthagarthānekaduḥkhānpṛthaksukhān ,
ḍuṇḍubhāndharmavidbhūtvā na tvaṁ hiṁsitumarhasi.

4. eka anarthān pṛthak arthān eka duḥkhān pṛthak sukhān
| duṇḍubhān dharmavit bhūtvā na tvam hiṃsitum arhasi

4. O knower of dharma, you, being righteous, should not harm Duṇḍubhas, who have their own particular misfortunes and distinct purposes, and their own particular sufferings and separate joys.

4. אתה יודע את דרך היושר, ולכן אין זה ראוי שתפגע בנחשי הדוּנְדוּבְּהַא, שמטרותיהם נפרדות משל שאר הנחשים, אף שסבלם דומה ואושרם נפרד.

Words meanings summery:

• एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

• अनर्थान् (anarthān) - misfortunes, calamities, evils

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinct (separately, distinct, individually)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - purposes, objects, aims, advantages

• एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

• दुःखान् (duḥkhān) - sorrows, sufferings, pains

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separate (separately, distinct, individually)

• सुखान् (sukhān) - joys, happiness, pleasures

• दुण्डुभान् (duṇḍubhān) - Duṇḍubhas

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - O knower of dharma, O righteous one

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - being (such a knower of dharma) (having been, being)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

• हिंसितुम् (hiṁsitum) - to injure, to harm, to kill

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, single, certain, some, the same

Note: Agrees with 'anarthān'.

अनर्थान् (anarthān) - misfortunes, calamities, evils

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, purposelessness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, good
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinct (separately, distinct, individually)

(indeclinable)

अर्थान् (arthān) - purposes, objects, aims, advantages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, aim, advantage, wealth

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, single, certain, some, the same

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhān'.

दुःखान् (duḥkhān) - sorrows, sufferings, pains

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separate (separately, distinct, individually)

(indeclinable)

सुखान् (sukhān) - joys, happiness, pleasures

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - joy, happiness, pleasure, comfort

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

दुण्डुभान् (duṇḍubhān) - Duṇḍubhas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duṇḍubha

duṇḍubha - a kind of harmless water snake, a species of snake

Note: Object of 'hiṃsitum'.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - O knower of dharma, O righteous one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma, righteous, just

agent noun

Compound of dharma (duty/righteousness) and vid (knowing), root vid (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, one who knows
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Addresses Ruru.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - being (such a knower of dharma) (having been, being)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects the state of 'being a knower of dharma' to the main action.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'arhasi'.

हिंसितुम् (hiṁsitum) - to injure, to harm, to kill

(verb)

active, infinitive of hiṃs

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

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