महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-10, verse-4

एकानर्थान्पृथगर्थानेकदुःखान्पृथक्सुखान् ।
डुण्डुभान्धर्मविद्भूत्वा न त्वं हिंसितुमर्हसि ॥४॥

4. ekānarthānpṛthagarthānekaduḥkhānpṛthaksukhān ,
ḍuṇḍubhāndharmavidbhūtvā na tvaṁ hiṁsitumarhasi.

4. eka anarthān pṛthak arthān eka duḥkhān pṛthak sukhān
| duṇḍubhān dharmavit bhūtvā na tvam hiṃsitum arhasi

4. O knower of dharma, you, being righteous, should not harm Duṇḍubhas, who have their own particular misfortunes and distinct purposes, and their own particular sufferings and separate joys.

Words meanings summery:

• एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

• अनर्थान् (anarthān) - misfortunes, calamities, evils

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinct (separately, distinct, individually)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - purposes, objects, aims, advantages

• एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

• दुःखान् (duḥkhān) - sorrows, sufferings, pains

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separate (separately, distinct, individually)

• सुखान् (sukhān) - joys, happiness, pleasures

• दुण्डुभान् (duṇḍubhān) - Duṇḍubhas

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - O knower of dharma, O righteous one

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - being (such a knower of dharma) (having been, being)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

• हिंसितुम् (hiṁsitum) - to injure, to harm, to kill

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, single, certain, some, the same

Note: Agrees with 'anarthān'.

अनर्थान् (anarthān) - misfortunes, calamities, evils

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, purposelessness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, good
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinct (separately, distinct, individually)

(indeclinable)

अर्थान् (arthān) - purposes, objects, aims, advantages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, aim, advantage, wealth

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

एक (eka) - their own (particular) (one, single, certain, some)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, single, certain, some, the same

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhān'.

दुःखान् (duḥkhān) - sorrows, sufferings, pains

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separate (separately, distinct, individually)

(indeclinable)

सुखान् (sukhān) - joys, happiness, pleasures

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - joy, happiness, pleasure, comfort

Note: Object of implicit 'having'.

दुण्डुभान् (duṇḍubhān) - Duṇḍubhas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duṇḍubha

duṇḍubha - a kind of harmless water snake, a species of snake

Note: Object of 'hiṃsitum'.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - O knower of dharma, O righteous one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma, righteous, just

agent noun

Compound of dharma (duty/righteousness) and vid (knowing), root vid (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, one who knows
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Addresses Ruru.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - being (such a knower of dharma) (having been, being)

(verb)

active, past (ktvā) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects the state of 'being a knower of dharma' to the main action.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'arhasi'.

हिंसितुम् (hiṁsitum) - to injure, to harm, to kill

(verb)

active, infinitive of hiṃs

Root: hiṃs (class 10)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)