योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-5, verse-8

तपसा बहुरूपेण यमेन नियमेन च ।
अक्षीणायुरतिष्ठत्स पुरा कल्पचतुष्टयम् ॥ ८ ॥

tapasā bahurūpeṇa yamena niyamena ca ,
akṣīṇāyuratiṣṭhatsa purā kalpacatuṣṭayam 8

8. tapasā bahurūpeṇa yamena niyamena ca |
akṣīṇāyuḥ atiṣṭhat saḥ purā kalpacatuṣṭayam

8. saḥ tapasā bahurūpeṇa yamena niyamena ca
akṣīṇāyuḥ purā kalpacatuṣṭayam atiṣṭhat

8. Through various forms of austerity (tapas), self-restraint (yama), and observances (niyama), he remained for four ancient cosmic cycles (kalpas), his life force undiminished.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, penance

• बहुरूपेण (bahurūpeṇa) - of many forms, manifold, various

• यमेन (yamena) - by self-restraint, by moral discipline

• नियमेन (niyamena) - by observance, by spiritual discipline

• च (ca) - and

• अक्षीणायुः (akṣīṇāyuḥ) - with undiminished life, having unimpaired longevity

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he remained, he stood

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, long ago, in olden times

• कल्पचतुष्टयम् (kalpacatuṣṭayam) - four kalpas (cosmic cycles)

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual heat, ascetic practice

बहुरूपेण (bahurūpeṇa) - of many forms, manifold, various

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bahurūpa

bahurūpa - multifarious, having many forms, various

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+rūpa)

• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `tapasā`.

यमेन (yamena) - by self-restraint, by moral discipline

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yama

yama - self-restraint, moral discipline, control (first limb of yoga)

नियमेन (niyamena) - by observance, by spiritual discipline

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - observance, fixed rule, spiritual discipline (second limb of yoga)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अक्षीणायुः (akṣīṇāyuḥ) - with undiminished life, having unimpaired longevity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣīṇāyus

akṣīṇāyus - undiminished life, long-lived, having unimpaired longevity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṣīṇa+āyus)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negating prefix.
• kṣīṇa – diminished, wasted, exhausted, decayed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `kṣi` (to decay, waste away).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)
• āyus – life, life-span, longevity
  noun (neuter)

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - he remained, he stood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Prefix: a

Root: sthā (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुरा (purā) - formerly, long ago, in olden times

(indeclinable)

कल्पचतुष्टयम् (kalpacatuṣṭayam) - four kalpas (cosmic cycles)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kalpacatuṣṭaya

kalpacatuṣṭaya - a group of four kalpas

Compound type : dvigu (kalpa+catuṣṭaya)

• kalpa – cosmic cycle, aeon, a day of Brahmā
  noun (masculine)
• catuṣṭaya – a group of four, a quartet
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `catur` (four) with suffix `-ṭaya`.

Note: Accusative case indicating duration of time.

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