योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-58, verse-4

स तेन निर्विण्ण इव सदात्मत्वादृते पदम् ।
अपश्यन्समुवाचेदमेको गद्गदया गिरा ॥ ४ ॥

sa tena nirviṇṇa iva sadātmatvādṛte padam ,
apaśyansamuvācedameko gadgadayā girā 4

4. saḥ tena nirviṇṇaḥ iva sat ātmatvāt ṛte padam
apaśyan samuvāca idam ekaḥ gadgadayā girā

4. saḥ tena nirviṇṇaḥ iva sat ātmatvāt ṛte padam apaśyan (saḥ) ekaḥ gadgadayā girā idam samuvāca.

4. He, as if weary of that (world), and perceiving no state (pada) beyond the intrinsic nature of reality (ātman), being alone, uttered these words with a faltering voice.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Kacha) (he, that)

• तेन (tena) - by that (phenomenal world) (by that, by him)

• निर्विण्णः (nirviṇṇaḥ) - weary, disgusted (disgusted, wearied, detached)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• सत् (sat) - intrinsic, real (real, true, existing, good)

• आत्मत्वात् (ātmatvāt) - from the intrinsic nature of reality (ātman) (from the nature of the self, from selfhood)

• ऋते (ṛte) - beyond, apart from (except, without, apart from)

• पदम् (padam) - state (spiritual state or condition) (step, foot, place, state, condition)

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - perceiving (seeing, perceiving)

• समुवाच (samuvāca) - he uttered (he spoke, he said)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - being alone (one, alone, solitary)

• गद्गदया (gadgadayā) - with a faltering (with a faltering voice, with a stammering voice)

• गिरा (girā) - with a voice (with speech, with voice)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Kacha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Kacha.

तेन (tena) - by that (phenomenal world) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the `dṛśya` (visible world) from the previous verse.

निर्विण्णः (nirviṇṇaḥ) - weary, disgusted (disgusted, wearied, detached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirviṇṇa

nirviṇṇa - disgusted, weary, dejected, detached, indifferent

Past Passive Participle

From root √vid (to know/find) with prefix nis-.

Prefix: nis

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Modifies `saḥ`.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

सत् (sat) - intrinsic, real (real, true, existing, good)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sat

sat - existing, real, true, good, virtuous (often referring to ultimate reality)

Present Active Participle

From root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: First part of the compound `sadātmatvāt`.

आत्मत्वात् (ātmatvāt) - from the intrinsic nature of reality (ātman) (from the nature of the self, from selfhood)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ātmatva

ātmatva - selfhood, essential nature of the self (ātman)

From `ātman` + suffix `-tva` (abstract noun).

Note: `sat-ātmatvāt` - 'from the true selfhood/nature'.

ऋते (ṛte) - beyond, apart from (except, without, apart from)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

Note: Governs the ablative case (`ātmatvāt`).

पदम् (padam) - state (spiritual state or condition) (step, foot, place, state, condition)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, place, state, condition, word

From root √pad (to go).

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Object of `apaśyan`.

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - perceiving (seeing, perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking at

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root √dṛś (to see), with 'a' negation. The present stem for √dṛś is paśya-.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies `saḥ`.

समुवाच (samuvāca) - he uttered (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

From root √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada) with prefix sam-. Irregular perfect form.

Prefix: sam

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `samuvāca`.

एकः (ekaḥ) - being alone (one, alone, solitary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, solitary

Numeral adjective.

Note: Modifies `saḥ`.

गद्गदया (gadgadayā) - with a faltering (with a faltering voice, with a stammering voice)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadgada

gadgada - stammering, faltering, inarticulate (voice/speech)

Reduplicated form, indicating repeated sound.

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Modifies `girā`.

गिरा (girā) - with a voice (with speech, with voice)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, voice, word

From root √gṝ (to invoke/praise).

Root: gṝ (class 9)

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